The isolation and testing of fecal streptococci

Chapman, George H.

doi:10.1007/bf03003570

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…When grown in broth containing sucrose, the glucans will cause the cells to adhere to the walls of the vessel (55). On agar with sucrose, such as Mitis Salivarius agar (21), colonies will produce puddles of glucan, and a droplet of glucan may appear at the top of the colony, especially if plates are allowed to stand on the bench for 24 h (65). The API Rapid Strep system easily identifies S. mutans but does not recognize the other species in the group.…”

Section: S Mutansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and identification of the viridans streptococci

1989

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This review traces the history of the human, nonhemolytic, or viridans, streptococci and describes improvements in their taxonomy wrought by study of their biochemical profiles and analysis of their nucleic acids. The goal was to define species on the basis of genetic relationships and to describe these species by their phenotypic characteristics so that they can be easily identified. This method has resulted in the division of some species. Streptococcus mutans has been divided into four species, two of which are common in humans. Three more mutans group species are indigenous to animals. Conversely, S. constellatus, S. intermedius, and "S. milleri" have been combined under S. anginosus. S. mitis (or "S. mitior") can be well-defined and includes S. sanguis II. There is genetic heterogeneity within S. sanguis, but the species is usually easy to identify. There is also some heterogeneity in S. bovis, but most human isolates are genetically related. Discussions of the taxonomy of these species are accompanied by descriptions of the characteristics by which these streptococci can be identified. Among these species are potential pathogens which should be suspected in cases of endocarditis and purulent infections of liver, brain, and other tissues.

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Section: S Mutansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and identification of the viridans streptococci

1989

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“…In our laboratory, this system was found to identify reliably streptococci whose identity had been authenticated previously by DNA-DNA hybridization. In addition, the following conventional tests were used: hemolysis on casein soy agar with 5% sheep blood, esculin hydrolysis (4), fermentation of salicin, production of hydrogen peroxide (42), and colony morphology on mitis salivarius agar (5). Most strains were also tested for growth in 6.5% NaCI, growth on bile-esculin agar, and production of urease (27).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

"Streptococcus milleri" Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius Are Later Synonyms of Streptococcus anginosus

Coykendall

Wesbecher

Gustafson

1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Streptococci that produced acetoin and alkaline phosphatase, hydrolyzed arginine, and fermented trehalose but did not produce pyrrolidonylarylamidase or P-glucuronidase, split hippurate, or ferment ribose or glycogen were collected and compared, These streptococci were considered members of the unapproved species 'LStreptococcus millen'," but most of them would fit the description of one of three approved species: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, or Streptococcus intermedius. Most were recent clinical isolates. Some hydrolyzed esculin and fermented lactose, while others did pot. Some fermented mannitol and rafknose. Many were beta-hemolytic, and several reacted to antiserum of Lancefield group A, C, F, or G. From a total of 111 strains, 40 were selected for comparison of their deoxyribbnucleic acid (DNA) base sequence similarities by DNA-DNA hybridization on membrane Filters. All biotypes, hemolytic types, and serotypes were included, as well as the type strains of S. anginosus, S. constellatus, and S . intermedius, and Lancefield group F Streptococcus sp., plus two strains derived from GuthoPs '(S. millen'" isolates. The results showed considerable genetic similarity within the group. DNA from most strains hybridized at a level of 70% or more of the homologous control, even under very stringent conditions. There was somewhat less homology between DNAs of some of the least reactive strains (lactose, mannitol, and esculin negative) and the most reactive strains (lactose, mannitol, and esculin positive). The Lancefield F strain and the type strains of S. anginosus and S.constellatus were genetically similar. Traits such as hemolysis and lactose fermentation could not be ascribed to plasmids. The results support the unification of these streptococci into a single species.

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“…8 Chapman (1946) Crystal violet (1: 125,000), potassium tellurite (1: 50,000), trypan blue (1: 13,000) 9 Horie and Saheki (1960)* NaN3 (0.225%), glycine (0.5%), esculin (0.1%), ferric ammonium citrate (0.2%), pH 9.0 10 Kenner et al (1961)* NaN3 (0.04%), sodium glycerophosphate (1%), bromocresol purple (0.0015%), TTC (0.01%) 11 Kereluk (personal communication, 1960)* NaN3 (0.04%), ethyl violet (1:200,000), TTC (0.01%7,)…”

Section: Miaterials and Miethodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later MIcKenzie (1941) proposed the use of thallium acetate as a third type of agent for the selective isolation of streptococci. Other materials that have been used to impart selectivity to culture media for the isolation of streptococci include crystal violet (MIcKenzie, 1941), penicillin (White and Sherman, 1944), trypan blue (Chapman, 1946), ethyl violet (Litsky, MIallmann, and Fifield, 1953), sodium citrate (Reinbold, Swern, and Hussong, 1953), tetrazolium salts (Reinbold et al, 1953;Barnes, 1956), esculin (Seelemann and Obiger, 1956), and acridine orange (Raibaud et al, 1961). During the past three decades, a large number of media have been formulated for the isolation and enumeration of enterococci by most probable number, pour plate, and membrane filter techniques.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Direct Plating Media for the Isolation and Enumeration of Enterococci in Certain Frozen Foods1

Burkwall

Hartman

1964

Applied Microbiology

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BURKWALL, _MARY K. (Iowa State University, Ames), AND PAUL A. HARTMAN. Comparison of direct plating media for the isolation and enumeration of enterococci in certain frozen foods. Appl. MIicrobiol. 12:18-23. 1964.-A total of 15 agar media were examined for their yield, selectivity, readability, and simplicity of preparation and use. A thallium medium of Barnes was selected as the better of the high yield-fair selectivity type of medium and an azide-citrate medium of Reinbold appeared to be the better of the low Yield-high selectivity type of medium. Sodium carbonate (optimal concentration, 0.20%Z,) was found to increase recovery substantially when added to certain media, especially in the presence of 0.05% Tween 80. When these two ingredients were incorporated into a medium modified after Slanetz and Bartley, the resultant medium was superior to other media for the isolation and enumeration of enterococci in certain frozen foods, such as peas and hamburger, by the direct plating method.

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The isolation and testing of fecal streptococci

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Classification and identification of the viridans streptococci

Classification and identification of the viridans streptococci

"Streptococcus milleri" Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius Are Later Synonyms of Streptococcus anginosus

Comparison of Direct Plating Media for the Isolation and Enumeration of Enterococci in Certain Frozen Foods1

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