The Isolation and Identification of Trypanosoma Cruzi from Raccoons in Maryland

Walton, Bryce C.; Bauman, Preston M.; Diamond, Leila; Herman, Carlton M.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1958.7.603

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, an isolate from a naturally infected Triatoma species from Texas was shown to be infectious to a human (216). Subsequent surveys in the 1950s and 1960s documented infections in raccoons (Procyon lotor), Virginia opossums, striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) in the southeastern United States (185,212,305).…”

Section: Wildlife Reservoirs Of T Cruzi In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and causes potentially life-threatening disease of the heart and gastrointestinal tract. The southern half of the United States contains enzootic cycles of T. cruzi , involving 11 recognized triatomine vector species. The greatest vector diversity and density occur in the western United States, where woodrats are the most common reservoir; other rodents, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes are also infected with T. cruzi. In the eastern United States, the prevalence of T. cruzi is highest in raccoons, opossums, armadillos, and skunks. A total of 7 autochthonous vector-borne human infections have been reported in Texas, California, Tennessee, and Louisiana; many others are thought to go unrecognized. Nevertheless, most T. cruzi -infected individuals in the United States are immigrants from areas of endemicity in Latin America. Seven transfusion-associated and 6 organ donor-derived T. cruzi infections have been documented in the United States and Canada. As improved control of vector- and blood-borne T. cruzi transmission decreases the burden in countries where the disease is historically endemic and imported Chagas' disease is increasingly recognized outside Latin America, the United States can play an important role in addressing the altered epidemiology of Chagas' disease in the 21st century.

show abstract

Section: Wildlife Reservoirs Of T Cruzi In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Depending on the diagnostic test used for identifying infected individuals, prevalence rates in raccoons have ranged from 1.5% to 63% (McKeever et al 1958, Walton 1958, Schaffer et al 1978, John and Hoppe 1986, Telford and Forrester 1991, Karsten et al 1992, Pung et al 1995, Pietrzak and Pung 1998, Yabsley and Noblet 2002, Hancock et al 2005. Prevalences based on isolation attempts from blood or tissue samples typically are lower compared with those based on serology.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Seroprevalence ofTrypanosoma cruziAmong Eleven Potential Reservoir Species from Six States Across the Southern United States

Brown

Roellig

Gompper

et al. 2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, is a substantial public health concern in Latin America. Although rare in humans and domestic animals in the United States, T. cruzi is commonly detected in some wildlife species, most commonly raccoons (Procyon lotor) and Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). To increase our understanding of the reservoir host species range and geographic distribution, 11 species of mammals from six states spanning the known range of T. cruzi (Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Missouri, and Virginia) were tested for antibodies to T. cruzi using indirect immunofluorescent antibody testing. In addition, culture isolation attempts were conducted on a limited number of animals from Georgia and Florida. Evidence of T. cruzi was found in every state except California; however, low numbers of known reservoirs were tested in California. In general, the highest seroprevalence rates were found in raccoons (0-68%) and opossums (17-52%), but antibodies to T. cruzi were also detected in small numbers of striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) from Arizona and Georgia, bobcats (Lynx rufus) from Georgia, two coyotes (Canis latrans) from Georgia and Virginia, and a ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) from Arizona. Culture-based prevalence rates for raccoons were significantly greater than those for opossums; however, seroprevalences of raccoons and opossums from several geographic locations in Georgia and Florida were not different, indicating that exposure rates of these two species are similar within these areas. For both raccoons and opossums, seroprevalence was significantly higher in females than in males. No difference was detected in seroprevalence between adults and juveniles and between animals caught in urban and rural locations. Our results indicate that T. cruzi prevalence varies by host species, host characteristics, and geographic region and provides data to guide future studies on the natural history of T. cruzi in the United States.

show abstract

“…cruzi isolates from the United States from a wide host range to determine infectivity, pathogenicity, and virulence. Based on previous studies on strains from the United States, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] we hypothesized that sylvatic isolates would be infective but not virulent to mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 Patent infections were also more frequent in laboratory mice inoculated with TcII strains than TcI strains. 12 In contrast, U.S. isolates rarely cause morbidity and mortality in laboratory rodents, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] but in one study, a T . cruzi isolate from a raccoon caused hind limb paralysis in mice.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data support previous studies, which reported that sylvatic isolates from the United States were largely avirulent and did not cause morbidity or mortality in rodent models. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In contrast, T . cruzi isolates from South America readily infect a wide variety of laboratory mice strains and many cause significant morbidity and mortality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Infectivity, Pathogenicity, and Virulence of Trypanosoma cruzi Isolates from Sylvatic Animals and Vectors, and Domestic Dogs from the United States in ICR Strain Mice and SD Strain Rats

Roellig¹,

Yabsley²

2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas disease, is widespread in the southern United States. In addition to detection in numerous wildlife host species, cases have been diagnosed in domestic dogs and humans. In the current investigation, groups of laboratory mice [Crl:CD1 (ICR)] were inoculated with one of 18 United States T. cruzi isolates obtained from a wide host range to elucidate their infectivity, pathogenicity, and virulence. In addition, laboratory rats (SD strain) were inoculated with four isolates. Mice and rats were susceptible to infection with all strains, but no morbidity or mortality was noted, which indicates that these T. cruzi isolates from the United States had low virulence for laboratory mice and rats.

show abstract

The Isolation and Identification of Trypanosoma Cruzi from Raccoons in Maryland

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas' Disease in the United States

Seroprevalence ofTrypanosoma cruziAmong Eleven Potential Reservoir Species from Six States Across the Southern United States

Infectivity, Pathogenicity, and Virulence of Trypanosoma cruzi Isolates from Sylvatic Animals and Vectors, and Domestic Dogs from the United States in ICR Strain Mice and SD Strain Rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About