The Isolation and Identification of l-Synephrine in the Leaves and Fruit of Citrus

Stewart, Ivan; Newhall, William F.; Edwards, G. J.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)51679-3

Cited by 69 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These genes might also be involved with host plant recognition in B. anynana . Alternatively, they might be involved with detection of B. anynana ’s adult food source, ripe/rotting fruit, as synephrine, like citral, is present in citrus fruits [ 101 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage- and sex-specific transcriptome analyses reveal distinctive sensory gene expression patterns in a butterfly

Ernst

Westerman

2021

BMC Genomics

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Background Animal behavior is largely driven by the information that animals are able to extract and process from their environment. However, the function and organization of sensory systems often change throughout ontogeny, particularly in animals that undergo indirect development. As an initial step toward investigating these ontogenetic changes at the molecular level, we characterized the sensory gene repertoire and examined the expression profiles of genes linked to vision and chemosensation in two life stages of an insect that goes through metamorphosis, the butterfly Bicyclus anynana. Results Using RNA-seq, we compared gene expression in the heads of late fifth instar larvae and newly eclosed adults that were reared under identical conditions. Over 50 % of all expressed genes were differentially expressed between the two developmental stages, with 4,036 genes upregulated in larval heads and 4,348 genes upregulated in adult heads. In larvae, upregulated vision-related genes were biased toward those involved with eye development, while phototransduction genes dominated the vision genes that were upregulated in adults. Moreover, the majority of the chemosensory genes we identified in the B. anynana genome were differentially expressed between larvae and adults, several of which share homology with genes linked to pheromone detection, host plant recognition, and foraging in other species of Lepidoptera. Conclusions These results revealed promising candidates for furthering our understanding of sensory processing and behavior in the disparate developmental stages of butterflies and other animals that undergo metamorphosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stage- and sex-specific transcriptome analyses reveal distinctive sensory gene expression patterns in a butterfly

Ernst

Westerman

2021

BMC Genomics

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“…Synephrine ( Figure ) is an N-containing alkaloid belonging to the group of ephedrine present in citrus leaves and fruits ( , ). It represents 3−4% of the total soluble nitrogen in the juice and constitutes a final product of the metabolism of this element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Metabolism Components as a Tool To Discriminate between Organic and Conventional Citrus Fruits

Rapisarda¹,

Calabretta²,

Romano³

et al. 2005

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The aim of this work was to develop a method for authenticity control of organically grown orange fruits. Due to the different kinds of nitrogen fertilization of the soil in organically and conventionally managed farms, the study tried to verify the possibility to differentiate Navelina and Tarocco orange fruits obtained by these production systems through the detection of markers linked to nitrogen metabolism. In addition to the classic quality parameters, total nitrogen (N) and synephrine contents in juice and (15)N/(14)N isotope ratio (expressed as delta(15)N per thousand) in proteins of pulp and amino acids of juice were determined. The results obtained indicated that total N and synephrine contents were significantly higher in conventional fruits, whereas the delta(15)N per thousand values were higher in the organic ones. The new markers identified in this research by linear discriminant analysis of the data may constitute a useful tool to differentiate organic citrus fruits or juices from conventional ones.

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“…These observations, together with the large variation in the daily excretion of p-synephrine by a given individual, suggested that urinary p-synephrine was primarily of dietary origin. Subsequently, it was discovered that psynephrine (29) and p-octopamine (30) were present in citrus fruits in appreciable quantities (e.g., p-synephrine, orange juice, 4.8 pg mL"1). Consequently we have analyzed the juice from fresh citrus fruit for the octopamines and synephrines in the manner described above.…”

Section: %mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative measurement of octopamines and synephrines in urine using capillary column gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

Ibrahim¹,

Couch²,

Williams³

et al. 1984

Anal. Chem.

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The Isolation and Identification of l-Synephrine in the Leaves and Fruit of Citrus

Cited by 69 publications

References 6 publications

Stage- and sex-specific transcriptome analyses reveal distinctive sensory gene expression patterns in a butterfly

Stage- and sex-specific transcriptome analyses reveal distinctive sensory gene expression patterns in a butterfly

Nitrogen Metabolism Components as a Tool To Discriminate between Organic and Conventional Citrus Fruits

Quantitative measurement of octopamines and synephrines in urine using capillary column gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry

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