The isolation and high-resolution chromosomal mapping of human SOX14 and SOX21; two members of the SOX gene family related to SOX1, SOX2, and SOX3

Malas, Stavros; Duthie, Sarah M.; Deloukas, Panos; Episkopou, Vasso

doi:10.1007/s003359901118

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Within each group, the HMG sequences are more than 90% identical and the homology extends into N-and C-terminal regions. Group B SOX proteins (SOX1, 2, 3, 14, and 21) bind similar DNA sequences (32,36). SOX1, 2, and 3 have been shown to be transcriptional activators (37), and SOX3 recently has been shown to regulate Wnt signaling in Xenopus by binding to ␤-catenin (38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expression of SOX Group B Genes. Because SOX group B genes are intronless (29)(30)(31)(32), their gene expression was evaluated by Northern blot analysis. Among normal tissues, SOX2 mRNA could be detected in brain, testis, and prostate and at lower levels in small intestine and colon, but not in heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, pancreas, spleen, thymus, ovary, and peripheral blood leukocytes (Fig.…”

Section: Genes Isolated By Serex Of the Sclc Cell Line Sk-lc-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological identification of embryonic neural proteins as highly immunogenic tumor antigens in small cell lung cancer

Güre

Stockert

Scanlan

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

209

168

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Serological analysis of expression cDNA libraries (SEREX) derived from two small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines using pooled sera of SCLC patients led to the isolation of 14 genes, including 4 SOX group B genes (SOX1, SOX2, SOX3, and SOX21) and ZIC2. SOX group B genes and ZIC2 encode DNA-binding proteins; SOX group B proteins regulate transcription of target genes in the presence of cofactors, whereas ZIC2 is also suspected to be a transcriptional regulator. These genes are expressed at early developmental stages in the embryonic nervous system, but are down-regulated in the adult. Although SOX2 mRNA can be detected in some adult tissues, ZIC2 is expressed only in brain and testis, and SOX1, SOX3, and SOX21 transcripts are not detectable in normal adult tissues. Of SCLC cell lines tested, 80% expressed ZIC2 mRNA, and SOX1, SOX2, and SOX3 expression was detected in 40%, 50%, and 10%, respectively. SOX group B and ZIC2 antigens elicited serological responses in 30 -40% of SCLC patients in this series, at titers up to 1:10 6 . In sera from 23 normal adults, no antibody was detected against SOX group B or ZIC2 proteins except for one individual with low-titer anti-SOX2 antibody. Seroreactivity against SOX1 and 2 was consistently higher titered than SOX3 and 21 reactivity, suggesting SOX1 and͞or SOX2 as the main antigens eliciting anti-SOX responses. Although paraneoplastic neurological syndromes have been associated with several SCLC antigens, neurological symptoms have not been observed in patients with anti-SOX or anti-ZIC2 antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes Isolated By Serex Of the Sclc Cell Line Sk-lc-13mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological identification of embryonic neural proteins as highly immunogenic tumor antigens in small cell lung cancer

Güre

Stockert

Scanlan

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

209

168

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Two other SOX B genes, SOX1 and SOX21, also co-localize, mapping together on human chromosome 13q (Malas et al, 1997(Malas et al, , 1999. SOX1 and SOX2 are group B1 members (activators) and SOX14 and SOX21 are B2 members (repressors), so these four SOX B genes are arranged in two pairs, each comprising one SOX B1 activator and one SOX B2 repressor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Remarkably, the four autosomal SOX B genes are arranged in two pairs, each comprising one SOX B1 activator and one SOX B2 repressor. In humans, SOX2 and SOX14 map together on chromosome 3q (Malas et al, 1999;Stevanovic et al, 1994) and SOX1 and SOX21 map together on chromosome 13q (Malas et al, 1997(Malas et al, , 1999.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and mapping of platypus SOX2 and SOX14: Insights into SOX group B evolution

Kirby

Waters²,

Delbridge³

et al. 2002

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Group B SOX genes, the closest relatives to the sex-determining gene SRY, are thought to have evolved from a single ancestral SOX B by a series of duplications and translocations. The two SOX B genes SOX2 and SOX14 co-localize to chromosome 3q in humans. SOX2 and SOX14 homologues were cloned and characterized in the platypus, a monotreme mammal distantly related to man. The two genes were found to co-localize to chromosome 1q in this species. Proximity of the two related genes has therefore been conserved for 170 Myr, since humans and platypus diverged. The sequence similarity and conserved synteny of these group B genes provide clues to their origin. A simple model of SOX group B gene evolution is proposed.

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“…The SoxB1 genes continue to be expressed and to maintain neural stem cells in the adult brain, as supported by the observation that reduced expression of Sox2 in adult mice results in a loss of neuronal precursors and in neurodegeneration as observed in the Huntington and Alzheimer diseases (Ferri et al, 2004;Ekonomou et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2006;Sottile et al, 2006). Neurogenesis (development of neurons), is initiated in the embryo when proneural proteins upregulate expression of the SoxB2 genes Sox14 and Sox21 (Malas et al, 1999). As mentioned earlier, these two genes encode transcriptional repressors that interfere with the activity of the SoxB1 transcriptional activators .…”

Section: Neurogenesis and Gliogenesismentioning

confidence: 91%

Control of cell fate and differentiation by Sry-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) transcription factors

Lefebvre

Dumitriu

Penzo–Méndez

et al. 2007

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

401

358

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Maintain stemness, commit to a specific lineage, differentiate, proliferate, or die. These are essential decisions that every cell is constantly challenged to make in multi-cellular organisms to ensure proper development, adult maintenance, and adaptability. SRY-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) transcription factors have emerged in the animal kingdom to help cells effect such decisions. They are encoded by twenty genes in humans and mice. They share a highly conserved high-mobilitygroup box domain that was originally identified in SRY, the sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome, and that has derived from a canonical high-mobility-group domain characteristic of chromatin-associated proteins. The high-mobility-group box domain binds DNA in the minor groove and increases its DNA binding affinity and specificity by interacting with many types of transcription factors. It also bends DNA and may thereby confer on Sox proteins a unique and critical role in the assembly of transcriptional enhanceosomes. Sox proteins fall into eight groups. Most feature a transactivation or transrepression domain and thereby also act as typical transcription factors. Each gene has distinct expression pattern and molecular properties, often redundant with those in the same group and overlapping with those in other groups. As a whole the Sox family controls cell fate and differentiation in a multitude of processes, such as male differentiation, stemness, neurogenesis, and skeletogenesis. We review their specific molecular properties and in vivo roles, stress recent advances in the field, and suggest directions for future investigations.

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The isolation and high-resolution chromosomal mapping of human SOX14 and SOX21; two members of the SOX gene family related to SOX1, SOX2, and SOX3

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

Serological identification of embryonic neural proteins as highly immunogenic tumor antigens in small cell lung cancer

Serological identification of embryonic neural proteins as highly immunogenic tumor antigens in small cell lung cancer

Cloning and mapping of platypus SOX2 and SOX14: Insights into SOX group B evolution

Control of cell fate and differentiation by Sry-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) transcription factors

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