The Isolation and Crystallization of Human Insulin*

Mirsky, I. Arthur; Jinks, Robert N.; Perisutti, Gladys

doi:10.1172/jci104871

Cited by 32 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Some biological activities of insulin extracted from human pancreas have been described previously. Two groups of investigators compared human with porcine insulin in the radioimmunoassay and found similar binding activity [12,13]. In addition, comparable activities were also noted with respect to other parameters, i. e. hypoglycaemic effect in rabbits [14], oxidation of 14C-glucose in rat adipose tissue [12], and 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen of adipose tissue and diaphragm in the rat [12,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Two groups of investigators compared human with porcine insulin in the radioimmunoassay and found similar binding activity [12,13]. In addition, comparable activities were also noted with respect to other parameters, i. e. hypoglycaemic effect in rabbits [14], oxidation of 14C-glucose in rat adipose tissue [12], and 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen of adipose tissue and diaphragm in the rat [12,13]. Furthermore, a semisynthetic human insulin was studied recently and found to exhibit a biological activity of 26-28 IU/mg, determined by lowering the blood sugar in rabbits [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological activity of synthetic human insulin

Märki

Albrecht

1977

Diabetologia

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The biological activity of human insulin, prepared by total chemical synthesis, was compared in various tests in vivo and in vitro with that of natural human or pork insulin. The potencies of the synthetic and natural hormone, as determined by the mouse convulsion assay, by hypoglycaemic effect and diaphragm glycogen increase in fasted rats in vivo, or by stimulation of 14C-glucose metabolism in fat cells and binding to anti-insulin serum in vitro, did not differ significantly. It is concluded that this synthetic human insulin is biologically equivalent to the natural hormone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological activity of synthetic human insulin

Märki

Albrecht

1977

Diabetologia

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“…The biological activity of pancreatic human insulin was equal to that of porcine insulin, when compared in in vitro and in vivo bioassays (15,22). It has been reported that totally synthetic human insulin prepared either by chemical synthesis (19) or by bacterial synthesis employing DNA recombinant techniques (6) exerts the same biological activity as pancreatic human and porcine insulin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biological Properties of Human Insulin

Sestoft

Vølund

Gammeltoft

et al. 1982

Journal of Internal Medicine

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ABSTRACT. Semisynthetic human insulin (Novo) was compared with porcine insulin with regard to absorption from subcutaneous depots, blood glucose control and plasma insulin concentrations in patients, and the binding to insulin receptors of porcine and human origin. The binding affinities of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin were identical with human erythrocyte receptors and receptors on porcine hepatocytes. The subcutaneous absorption of semisynthetic human and porcine 125I‐labelled insulin both of soluble and lente type was identical. The metabolic control study was performed as a double‐blind crossover study in eight type I diabetics. They received semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin (of soluble as well as lente type) for 10 days each, the last 7 days in each period being the observation period. Blood glucose concentration was measured 9 times per 24 hours. No statistically significant differences were found between mean blood glucose levels at the 9 samplings or in the overall mean blood glucose concentration. Further, the blood glucose control was evaluated as a function of time by a computerized method for time series analysis of a complex dynamic system. This method described adequately each blood glucose value as a linear function of the immediately preceding blood glucose value and that measured 24 hours before. No difference was found between human and porcine insulin when the blood glucose control was assessed by this method. Plasma concentrations of total insulin (IRI) and free IRI before and 3 hours after the morning insulin injection were identical in the two treatment periods. It is concluded that human and porcine insulin can be interchanged in the treatment of diabetics without changing the dose.

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“…Insulin is produced and stored in the body as a hexamer, which is inactive and very stable, but the active form is the monomer (Figure 1 left), and 6 monomers readily form 3 dimers (Figure 1 middle) that assemble into a hexamer (Figure 1 right) in the presence of zinc ions (Zn 2+ ) (Mirsky et al, 1963;Dunn, 2005). On the other hand, when insulin secreted from the β-cells, the zinc-insulin hexamers are diluted in the blood stream that results in the hexamers disassembling into monomers that is the active state of insulin (Hirsch et al, 2020).…”

Section: Structure Of Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Insulin is a Great Achievement for the Diabetes Patients

Mohajan,

Mohajan

2023

SSSH

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Before the discovery of insulin, a diabetes patient must face an unavoidable death sentence. The discovery of insulin is a milestone in medical science, and it is really a revolutionary work for the welfare of the diabetes patients. In parallel it creates controversies and disputes among scholars; and disappointments, failures, and hopes in the way of discovery. The leading work to the discovery of insulin has been started in 1921 by the Canadian medical scientist and physician Frederick Grant Banting, who had no research experience, no publications, and not even a doctorate degree. He has started research through the supervision of Professor John James Richard Macleod; with two lab assistants of the bachelor degree students named Charles Herbert Best, and Edward Clark Noble, and ten dogs as experimental devices. The first applications of insulin in human body became possible in 11 January 1922 on Leonard Thompson, a 14-year-old boy who was suffering from diabetes mellitus. This study tries to discuss the aspects of discovery of insulin and the further continuous development of it for the welfare of the diabetes patients.

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The Isolation and Crystallization of Human Insulin*

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Biological activity of synthetic human insulin

Biological activity of synthetic human insulin

The Biological Properties of Human Insulin

Discovery of Insulin is a Great Achievement for the Diabetes Patients

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