“…On the other hand, it also brings major challenges to the security and protection of medical data. Therefore, we need to robustly deploy security and privacy controls (e.g., NIST SP800-30, ISO 27001, ISO/IEC Standard 27018 [ 5 , 6 ]) to protect medical data prevalent on the Internet from becoming prey to hackers. In this context, many research topics have received attention, including, but not limited to, the following: risk assessment, device security, session security, cloud security, data protection, and authentication.…”