The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster

Barnes‐Holmes, Dermot; Harte, Colin

doi:10.1007/s40614-022-00352-z

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For example, other researchers are likely to use a task as an implicit measure if we repeatedly assert that it is one. This commentary therefore details and corrects the two key inconsistencies between the account provided by Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) and the actual contents of Barnes-Holmes' published work on the IRAP. Specifically, they argued that (1) "the IRAP did not start out as a measure of implicit cognition" (pp.…”

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confidence: 81%

“…Collectively, this analysis of the authorship patterns in the IRAP literature reduces the credibility of Barnes-Holmes & Harte's (2022) claim that the task's creator lost control of the IRAP and the implication that it was authors other than Barnes-Holmes that used the IRAP as an implicit measure.…”

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confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

“…As such, the question of whether the IRAP is an implicit measure or a measure of natural verbal relations is not an either-or question. Barnes-Holmes & Harte's (2022) claim was that the IRAP did not start out as an implicit measure. The published scientific record demonstrates otherwise.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The analogy with Frankenstein Barnes-Holmes & Harte's (2022) analogy between the IRAP and Frankenstein's monster is instructive and worth exploring. They stated that "In Mary Shelley's classic novel, Frankenstein (1818), we are presented with the case of a doctor who creates a living monster by successfully piecing together and reanimating body parts from different people.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reply to Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”

Hussey

2022

Preprint

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Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) recently provided an account of the history of the development and use of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP), and used this account as a springboard for suggestions for future research. Unfortunately, their core assertions are at odds with the published scientific record. This raises questions about the reliability of their recommendations. This reply uses a systematic review of the published IRAP literature to show that, contrary to Barnes-Holmes & Harte’s (2022) account, (1) Barnes-Holmes repeatedly and explicitly stated that the IRAP is an implicit measure, and (2) Barnes-Holmes did not “lose control” of the task. Rather, he and his research group have produced the majority of all IRAP publications. The credibility of Barnes-Holmes & Harte’s (2022) suggestions regarding the future of the IRAP is undermined by their inaccurate account of its past. However, their analogy with Frankenstein’s monster still holds, albeit under an alternative and correct reading of Shelly’s novel as a cautionary tale about scientific recklessness.

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confidence: 95%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Reply to Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”

Hussey

2022

Preprint

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Verbal behavior development theory and relational frame theory: Reflecting on similarities and differences

Sivaraman

Barnes‐Holmes

Greer

et al. 2023

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Relational frame theory and verbal behavior development theory are two behavioranalytic perspectives on human language and cognition. Despite sharing reliance on Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior, relational frame theory and verbal behavior development theory have largely been developed independently, with initial applications in clinical psychology and education/development, respectively. The overarching goal of the current paper is to provide an overview of both theories and explore points of contact that have been highlighted by conceptual developments in both fields. Verbal behavior development theory research has identified how behavioral developmental cusps make it possible for children to learn language incidentally. Recent developments in relational frame theory have outlined the dynamic variables involved across the levels and dimensions of arbitrarily applicable relational responding, and we argue for the concept of mutually entailed orienting as an act of human cooperation that drives arbitrarily applicable relational responding. Together these theories address early language development and children's incidental learning of names. We present broad similarities between the two approaches in the types of functional analyses they generate and discuss areas for future research.

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Generalized contextual control based on nonarbitrary and arbitrary transfer of stimulus functions

Pérez¹,

Harte

Barnes‐Holmes

et al. 2023

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Two experiments with human adults investigated the extent to which the transfer of function in accordance with nonarbitrary versus arbitrary stimulus relations may be brought under contextual control. Experiment 1 comprised four phases. Phase 1 consisted of multiple-exemplar training to establish discriminative functions for solid, dashed, or dotted lines. Phase 2 trained and tested two equivalence classes, each containing a 3D picture, a solid, a dashed, and a dotted form. During Phase 3, a discriminative function was established for each 3D picture. Phase 4 presented the solid, dashed, and dotted stimuli in two different frames, black or gray. The black frame cued function transfer based on nonarbitrary stimulus relations (Frame Physical); the gray frame cued function transfer based on equivalence relations (Frame Arbitrary). Testing and training with the frames was continued until contextual control was established; subsequently contextual control was demonstrated with novel equivalence classes with stimuli composed of the same forms. Experiment 2 replicated and extended Experiment 1 by demonstrating that such contextual control generalized to novel equivalence classes comprising novel forms and responses. The potential implications of the findings for developing increasingly precise experimental analyses of clinically relevant phenomena are considered (e.g., defusion).

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The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Reply to Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”

Reply to Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”

Verbal behavior development theory and relational frame theory: Reflecting on similarities and differences

Generalized contextual control based on nonarbitrary and arbitrary transfer of stimulus functions

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The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Reply to Barnes-Holmes &amp; Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”

Reply to Barnes-Holmes &amp; Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”

Verbal behavior development theory and relational frame theory: Reflecting on similarities and differences

Generalized contextual control based on nonarbitrary and arbitrary transfer of stimulus functions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Reply to Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”

Reply to Barnes-Holmes & Harte (2022) “The IRAP as a Measure of Implicit Cognition: A Case of Frankenstein’s Monster”