The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (IROPICAN): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings

Hadji, Maryam; Rashidian, Hamideh; Marzban, Maryam; Gholipour, Mahin; Naghibzadeh‐Tahami, Ahmad; Mohebbi, Elham; Ebrahimi, Elham; Hosseini, Bayan; Haghdoost, Ali Akbar; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Rahimi‐Movaghar, Afarin; Moradi, Abdolvahab; Seyyedsalehi, Monireh Sadat; Shirkoohi, Reza; Eghtesad, Sareh; Najafi, Farid; Safari‐Faramani, Roya; Alizadeh‐Navaei, Reza; Moghadam, A R Ansari; Bakhshi, Mahdieh; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Mahmudi, Masumeh; Shahidsales, Soudabeh; Ahmadi-Simab, Saideh; Nabavian, Omid; Boffetta, Paolo; Pukkala, Eero; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Kamangar, Farin; Zendehdel, Kazem

doi:10.34172/aim.2021.27

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…This analysis is based on the IROPICAN study, a multicenter case-control study conducted in ten provinces of Iran, that was set up to investigate the association between opium use and risk of lung, colorectal, bladder, and head and neck cancers. Detailed information about the study protocol is provided elsewhere [13]. In the current analysis, we used incident primary colorectal cancer cases referred to the main cancer clinics and hospitals in seven provinces; most of the cases were pathologically confirmed from May 2017 to July 2020.…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Yoghurt and Other Dairy Products and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Iran: The IROPICAN Study

et al. 2022

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Background: There is evidence of an inverse association between yoghurt intake and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed at investigating the association between the intake of yoghurt and other dairy foods consumed in Iran and CRC risk. Methods: Our analysis included 4070 subjects within the IROPICAN (Iran Study of Opium and Cancer) study. Detailed information was collected by the use of validated questionnaires. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between the intake of total dairy products, and, separately, of yoghurt, milk, cheese, kashk, dough, cream, ice cream, and other milk products, and CRC using unconditional logistic regression analyses. The intake was categorized in tertiles. Results: Overall, we analyzed 865 cases and 3205 controls. Total dairy products intake was not associated with CRC. The OR for one tertile increase (OR_T) in yoghurt intake was 0.97 (95% CI 0.87–1.08) for CRC and 0.66 (95% CI 0.52–0.84) for proximal colon cancer. Cream intake was associated with CRC (OR_T3 = 1.33, 95% CI 1.08–1.64), colon (OR_T3 = 1.37, 95% CI 1.03–1.81), and proximal cancer (OR_T3 = 1.29, 95% CI 1.04–1.61). The OR of distal colon cancer for ice cream intake was 0.59 (95% CI 0.43–0.82). Other dairy products were not associated with CRC risk.

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Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Yoghurt and Other Dairy Products and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Iran: The IROPICAN Study

et al. 2022

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“…However, it was shown in previous studies that the sensitivity of self-reporting of opium use among cases and referents was similar. 12 , 23 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 23 The data quality in our study is high because data were collected by trained interviewers using a validated questionnaire. 12 Due to access to detailed data on the amount of opium over time, we were able to examine the dose-response association of opium use and BC as well the effects of timing of opium use. We also had detailed information on the main confounder, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the current study, we use data of histologically confirmed primary BCs (ICD-O: C67) admitted to referral hospitals, who were recruited as cases from May 2017 until July 2020, 12 and the pool of all referents of the IROPICAN study. The mean age at recruitment was 63.6 years for the cases and 57.4 years for the referents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The non-response rate among the cases was 1% and among the referents 11%, with the main reasons for non-participation including sickness and lethargy among cancer patients and lack of time or unwillingness to donate a biological sample among referents. 12 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: a multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

Hadji

Rashidian

Marzban

et al. 2022

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use.

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Opium use and risk of lung cancer: A multicenter case‐control study in Iran

Rashidian

Hadji

Gholipour

et al. 2022

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Opium use was recently classified as a human carcinogen for lung cancer by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We conducted a large, multicenter case‐control study evaluating the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. We recruited 627 cases and 3477 controls from May 2017 to July 2020. We used unconditional logistic regression analyses to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and measured the association between opium use and the risk of lung cancer. The ORs were adjusted for the residential place, age, gender, socioeconomic status, cigarettes, and water pipe smoking. We found a 3.6‐fold risk of lung cancer for regular opium users compared to never users (95% CI: 2.9, 4.6). There was a strong dose‐response association between a cumulative count of opium use and lung cancer risk. The OR for regular opium use was higher for small cell carcinoma than in other histology (8.3, 95% CI: 4.8, 14.4). The OR of developing lung cancer among opium users was higher in females (7.4, 95% CI: 3.8, 14.5) than in males (3.3, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.2). The OR for users of both opium and tobacco was 13.4 (95% CI: 10.2, 17.7) compared to nonusers of anything. The risk of developing lung cancer is higher in regular opium users, and these results strengthen the conclusions on the carcinogenicity of opium. The association is stronger for small cell carcinoma cases than in other histology.

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The Iranian Study of Opium and Cancer (IROPICAN): Rationale, Design, and Initial Findings

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Consumption of Yoghurt and Other Dairy Products and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Iran: The IROPICAN Study

Consumption of Yoghurt and Other Dairy Products and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Iran: The IROPICAN Study

Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: a multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

Opium use and risk of lung cancer: A multicenter case‐control study in Iran

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