The IPD and IMGT/HLA database: allele variant databases

Abstract

The Immuno Polymorphism Database (IPD) was developed to provide a centralized system for the study of polymorphism in genes of the immune system. Through the IPD project we have established a central platform for the curation and publication of locus-specific databases involved either directly or related to the function of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in a number of different species. We have collaborated with specialist groups or nomenclature committees that curate the individual sections before they are submitted to IPD for online publication. IPD consists of five core databases, with the IMGT/HLA Database as the primary database. Through the work of the various nomenclature committees, the HLA Informatics Group and in collaboration with the European Bioinformatics Institute we are able to provide public access to this data through the website http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ipd/. The IPD project continues to develop with new tools being added to address scientific developments, such as Next Generation Sequencing, and to address user feedback and requests. Regular updates to the website ensure that new and confirmatory sequences are dispersed to the immunogenetics community, and the wider research and clinical communities.

Deciphering the killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor system at super‐resolution for natural killer and T‐cell biology

“…A good example is KIR3DL1/S1 , which has over 100 alleles characterized (Fig. 4)60 and has three divergent allele lineages that have been maintained by balancing selection for millions of years 61. A synergy of population genetics, phylogenetic analysis and comparison of nucleotide substitution rates among codons showed that this diversity is focused towards the parts of the KIR molecule that bind the HLA class I and peptide 61.…”

“…(a) Number of alleles reported in the December 2015 release of the IPD KIR database 60. The advent of killer‐cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor ( KIR ) analysis by next‐generation sequencing is rapidly increasing the number of recognized KIR alleles 68.…”

HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, and -DQ Matching in Pancreas Transplantation: Effect on Graft Rejection and Survival

“…Then, we translated the molecular typing to serologic equivalents according to the international ImMunoGeneTics HLA Dictionary (8,9). For organs recovered locally, the molecular typing was performed prospectively.…”

HLA-DP in unrelated hematopoietic cell transplantation revisited: challenges and opportunities

“…The reported polymorphism is significantly higher for DPB1 than for DPA1, with 894 and 53 alleles, respectively. 43 Of note, only 12 DPB1 and 2 DPA1 alleles account for over 90% of the variants observed in worldwide populations. 44 Therefore, homozygosity (ie, the same DP allele present on both chromosomes of an individual) is frequent, often resulting in unidirectional (ie, only in graft-versus-host [GVH] or host-versus-graft [HVG] direction) HLA-DP mismatches in UD-recipient pairs.…”