The Iowa Sleep Experiences Survey: Hypnotizability, absorption, and dissociation

Fassler, Oliver; Knox, Joshua; Lynn, Steven Jay

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.03.007

Cited by 44 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The current preliminary evidence provided support for the cognitive avoidance hypothesis in sleep problems. Our results are consistent with the previous findings highlighting the predictive value of dissociative absorption on sleep-related outcomes (Fassler et al, 2006;Knox & Lynn, 2014;Soffer-Dudek et al, 2017). Furthermore, intriguingly, dissociative amnesia was a significant determinant of poor sleep quality through pathological worry.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In keeping with the continuity hypothesis, another non-clinical study of sleep experiences reported anxiety and dissociative absorption were significant predictors of general sleep experiences. A subset of sleep experiences were significantly associated with suggestibility (Fassler, Knox, & Lynn, 2006). Expanding these findings, Knox and Lynn (2014) evidenced for significant associations of sleep experiences with dissociation, fantasy proneness and schizotypy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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The Mediating Role of Pathological Worry in Associations Between Dissociative Experiences and Sleep Quality Among Health Staff

Yıldırım¹,

Boysan²,

Yılmaz³

2018

Sleep Hypn

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There has been a growing interest in determining the antecedents of the significant associations between dissociative symptomatology and sleep. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of a tendency to elicit uncontrollable and excessive worry on the relationship between dissociation and poor sleep quality among non-shift working health staff. Eighty-five participants with a mean age of 31.19 ±7.14 (ranging from 18 to 54) involved within the study. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a demographic questionnaire were administered. Mediation regression models were utilized to evaluate direct and indirect associations between worry, dissociation and sleep quality after controlling for age, gender, marital status, education, prior psychiatric disorders, familial loading and time spent watching TV series in a week. Regression models indicated that direct dose-response relationship between dissociative symptomatology and sleep quality was not statistically significant. However, indirect effects of dissociative symptoms though pathological worry were substantial. More specifically, we found that the DES total, absorption/ imaginative involvement and dissociative amnesia had significant indirect effects on poor sleep quality via excessive worry as measured by the PSWQ. We concluded that dissociative symptoms are indirectly associated with sleep through negative repetitive thoughts such as pathological worry. Therefore, new generation therapeutic approaches particularly mindfulness therapy should be considered in the first-line treatments of sleep disturbance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

The Mediating Role of Pathological Worry in Associations Between Dissociative Experiences and Sleep Quality Among Health Staff

Yıldırım¹,

Boysan²,

Yılmaz³

2018

Sleep Hypn

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“…Lynn and Shindler (2002) however suggest that hypnotisability screening, despite its methodological limitations, can still provide clinicians with a wealth of valuable information, and they counsel for some degree of hypnotisability screening to become routine. Part of the problem may be that hypnotisability remains an elusive concept, within the clinical arena as much as in the laboratory, being variously associated with (but not always correlated with) absorption (Tellegen & Atkinson, 1974;Kirsch & Braffman, 1999), suggestibility both non-hypnotic and hypnotic (Kirsch & Braffman, 1999, 2001Raz et al, 2006;Dienes, et al, 2009;Milling et al, 2010;Santarpia et al, 2012;Wagstaff, 2012;Kirsch et al, 2011: Meyer & Lynn, 2011Raz, 2011;Schweiger Gallo, Pfau & Gollwitzer (2012), expectancy (Kirsch & Braffman, 1999;Lynn & Shindler, 2002;Pekela et al, 2010;Meyer & Lynn, 2011;Schweiger Gallo, Pfau & Gollwitzer 2012;Koep, 2012), depth of hypnotic trance (Pekela et al, 2010;Wagstaff, 2012) and dissociation (Cardeña & Weiner, 2004;Bell et al, 2011;Fassler, Knox & Lynn, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconscious Agendas in the Etiology of Refractory Obesity and the Role of Hypnosis in Their Identification and Resolution:A New Paradigm for Weight-Management Programs or a Paradigm Revisited?

Entwistle¹,

Webb²,

Abayomi³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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Hypnosis has long been recognised as an effective tool for producing behavioural change in the eating disorders anorexia and bulimia. Despite many studies from the latter half of the last century suggesting that hypnosis might also be of value in managing obesity situations, the efficacy of the hypnotherapeutic approach for weight reduction has received surprisingly little formal research attention since 2000.This review presents a brief history of early clinical studies in the use of hypnosis for weight reduction; and describes an hypnotherapeutic approach within which a combination of instructional/pedagogic, and exploratory therapeutic sessions can work together synergistically to maximise the potential for sustained weight loss. Hypnotic modulation of appetite and satiation associated peptides and hormones levels may yield additional physiological benefits in type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Between 1959 and over 40 reports were published specifically describing the use of hypnosis for weight reduction (Table 1). The studies varied in size from >100 participants (Goldstein, 1981;, through smaller trials of 20-75 patients, down to those quoting individual case studies (Hanning, 1975;Munro, 1989, ;. Amongst the earliest descriptions of use of hypnosis in a medical situation to treat obesity was Brodie (1964) who (rather contentiously) would tell his obese patients that they had the equivalent of a "fat cancer" that had been growing inside them for years and which needed removal by their learning to eat properly, through the use of his hypnotic therapy. He claimed great success with this personalised approach to treating over 525 patients, but as was the case with many of the early studies, Brodie did not employ any control group nor did he publish any numerical data to substantiate this claim, which limits severely any assessment of the true efficacy of his non-conformist approach. 2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS FOR OBESITYMost of the authors listed in table 1 employed a sociocognitive or authoritarian approach, utilising varying combinations of suggestion, imagery, anxiety reduction, aversion, covert sensitisation and self-directed programming to facilitate changes in eating habits, usually with apparent benefit in reducing weight in their subjects. However a more analytical or exploratory approach was taken by , , Munro (1989) and , with evident success also. Induction approaches were predominantly progressive relaxation or eye gaze fixation, either in groups or individually, with devices such as hand levitation being used to enhance the depth of hypnosis and hence increase the benefits of the hypnosis sessions (Goldstein, 1981). Some studies additionally taught participants self-hypnosis and/or provided hypnosis tapes for home use.It is difficult to accurately evaluate the claims made by many of these reports as only 17 out of the 43 studies listed incorporated a control cohort, and in only 9 studies were patients followed-up after their hypnosis-induced weight loss to monitor for weight regain, ...

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“…Several studies have found that the DES correlates significantly with the ISES General Sleep Experiences scale ( r s ranging from .35 to .55), although not with the ISES Lucid Dreaming scale ( r s ranging from .08 to .23) (Fassler, Knox, & Lynn, 2006; Giesbrecht, Jongen, Smulders, & Merckelbach, 2006; Giesbrecht & Merckelbach, 2004, 2006). Similarly, Knox (2008) found that the ISES General Sleep Experiences scale was significantly related to dissociation and the positive symptoms of schizotypy as measured by the DES and the Perceptual Aberration and Magical Ideation scales; however, the ISES General Sleep Experiences scale was not significantly related to the negative symptoms of schizotypy as measured by the Revised Social Anhedonia scale, and the ISES Lucid Dreaming scale was not significantly related to schizotypy and dissociation.…”

Section: Unusual Sleep Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

Koffel

Watson

2009

Clinical Psychology Review

101

140

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This paper reviews studies that have examined associations between unusual sleep experiences (including nightmares, vivid dreaming, narcolepsy symptoms, and complex nighttime behaviors) and dissociation and schizotypy. Using correlational studies and structural analyses, evidence is provided that unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy belong to a common domain. It is demonstrated that unusual sleep experiences show specificity to dissociation and schizotypy compared to other daytime symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, substance use) and other sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, lassitude/fatigue). The paper also outlines the methodological limitations of the existing evidence and makes suggestions for future research. Finally, three models for the overlap of daytime and nighttime symptoms are reviewed, including biological abnormalities, trauma, and personality traits. Although further research is needed, it is suggested that daytime and nighttime symptoms result from problems with sleep-wake state boundaries, which may be precipitated by stress or trauma. In addition, association between daytime and nighttime symptoms can be attributed to the higher order personality trait of Oddity. Keywords dissociation; schizotypy; sleepPeople have long noted the phenotypic similarities between select nighttime experiences and daytime psychological symptoms, such nightmares and hallucinations. It is possible that phenotypically similar daytime and nighttime experiences are related, although this remains an empirical question. Specifically, it has been suggested that dissociation, schizotypy, and certain sleep experiences (i.e., nightmares, narcolepsy symptoms) belong to a domain that involves unusual cognitions and perceptions (Watson, 2001). Moreover, these daytime and nighttime experiences may share common processes under different contexts (e.g., walking around during the day versus lying in bed) (Butler, 2006;Watson, 2001), although the exact nature of these processes and whether they are due to biological or environmental factors is still uncertain.The purpose of this paper is to review evidence that certain sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy represent a common domain with shared etiology. We begin by defining dissociation and schizotypy and outline the disorders and symptom dimensions that will be Correspondence should be sent to Erin Koffel,

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The Iowa Sleep Experiences Survey: Hypnotizability, absorption, and dissociation

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

The Mediating Role of Pathological Worry in Associations Between Dissociative Experiences and Sleep Quality Among Health Staff

The Mediating Role of Pathological Worry in Associations Between Dissociative Experiences and Sleep Quality Among Health Staff

Unconscious Agendas in the Etiology of Refractory Obesity and the Role of Hypnosis in Their Identification and Resolution:A New Paradigm for Weight-Management Programs or a Paradigm Revisited?

Unusual sleep experiences, dissociation, and schizotypy: Evidence for a common domain

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