The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in psychiatric disorders: an update of neuroimaging findings

Jackowski, Andrea Parolin; Filho, Gerardo Maria de Araújo; Almeida, Amanda Galvão de; Araújo, Célia Maria de; Reis, Michel Silva; Nery, Fabiana; Batista, Ilza Rosa; Silva, Ivaldo; Lacerda, Acioly L.T.

doi:10.1590/s1516-44462012000200014

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[4][5][6]23 Structural neuroimaging studies have already suggested the presence of neuroanatomical abnormalities of limbic structures in both the right and left hemispheres in BPD patients. 7,8,[24][25][26][27] As these areas are associated with affective regulation, such reductions might be biological substrates of BPD symptomatology. 5,6,[25][26][27] The present study revealed significant morphological abnormalities of cortical thickness, volume, mean curvature, metric distortion, surface area, and depth of sulcus in such areas among BPD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Araujo

Filho

Sato

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a devastating condition that causes intense disruption of patients' lives and relationships. Proper understanding of BPD neurobiology could help provide the basis for earlier and effective interventions. As neuroimaging studies of patients with BPD are still scarce, volumetric and geometric features of the cortical structure were assessed to ascertain whether structural cortical alterations are present in BPD patients. Methods: Twenty-five female outpatients with BPD underwent psychiatric evaluation (SCID-I and II) and a 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan. The control group comprised 25 healthy age-matched females. Images were processed with the FreeSurfer package, which allows analysis of cortical morphology with more detailed descriptions of volumetric and geometric features of cortical structure. Results: Compared with controls, BPD patients exhibited significant cortical abnormalities in the fronto-limbic and paralimbic regions of both hemispheres. Conclusion: Significant morphologic abnormalities were observed in patients with BPD on comparison with a healthy control group through a multimodal approach. This study highlights the involvement of regions associated with mood regulation, impulsivity, and social behavior in BPD patients and presents a new approach for further investigation through a method of structural analysis based on distinct and simultaneous volumetric and geometric parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Araujo

Filho

Sato

et al. 2014

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…47 During adolescence, the frontal cortex (responsible for working memory, impulse control, and abstract reasoning), loses gray matter while white matter increases. 48,49 Making decisions with an emotional component is a function of the orbitofrontal cortex, one of the last regions to mature, and its operational deficit is associated with drug use in early adolescence. 50 The predominant pattern of novelty-seeking in childhood is a risk factor for drug use in adolescence.…”

Section: Adolescent Neurobiology and Risk Of Drug Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of psychoactive substances by adolescents: current panorama

Lopes

Nobrega

Prette

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Adolescence is a period of vulnerability to substance use disorders (SUDs). Epidemiological studies indicate that about 23% of Brazilian adolescents use drugs, with alcohol being the most widely consumed substance. The etiology of SUDs is complex, influenced by an interaction of genetic risk, individual development, environmental factors, context of use, and substance used. Clinicians should consider diagnostic criteria and be aware of behavioral changes that may indicate drug use and its consequences in various aspects of adolescent life. Identification and treatment of comorbid conditions is critical to the management of SUDs in this age group. Interventions should restrict access to drugs and facilitate prompt recognition of initial use, preventing progression to serious patterns of abuse or dependence. Intervention should be broad, including academic and occupational activities as well as social relationships and leisure, which are critical to the reestablishment of normal adolescent development.

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“…Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in other diseases, examining alterations in networks of brain regions associated with cognitive and social functioning (Salmi et al, 2013;Wheaton et al, 2014), highlighted several pivotal areas being associated with measured malfunction, including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) (Gasquoine, 2013;Jackowski et al, 2012;Leech and Sharp, 2014;Murray et al, 2014;Salmi et al, 2013). The amygdala has been associated with determining the emotional significance of visual, auditory, and olfactory signals, and is involved in coping with the social environment and making social judgments (Adolphs et al, 1998), especially when evaluating facial expressions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Connectivity Changes and Executive and Social Problems in Neurofibromatosis Type I

et al. 2015

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Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has regularly been associated with cognitive, social, and behavioral problems. The fact that many different cognitive and behavioral impairments have been observed in NF1 suggests that networks of brain regions are involved rather than specific brain regions. Here, we examined whether functional connectivity was different in NF1 and, if so, whether associations were present with cognitive, social, and behavioral outcomes. Fourteen NF1 patients (8 male, age: M = 12.49, SD = 2.65) and 30 healthy controls (HC; 23 male, age: M = 12.30, SD = 2.94; p = 0.835) were included. Functional connectivity was assessed using functional restingstate scanning. We analyzed brain regions that have been associated with cognitive and social functions: the bilateral ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), the bilateral amygdala, the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). For NF1 patients, connection strengths between brain regions showing HC-NF1 differences were correlated with parent reports of cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning. Compared to HC, patients showed differences in functional connectivity between the left vACC and the frontal cortex, insula, and subcortical areas (caudate, putamen), between the left amygdala and the frontal cortex, insula, supramarginal gyrus, and PCC/precuneus, and between the left OFC and frontal and subcortical areas (caudate, pallidum). In patients, indications were found for associations between increased frontofrontal and temporofrontal functional connectivity with cognitive, social, and behavioral deficits (r-range = 0.536-0.851). NF1 patients showed differences in functional connectivity between areas associated with cognitive and social functioning when compared to controls. This, plus the fact that connectivity strengths in these networks were associated with worse cognitive, social, and behavioral outcomes, suggests a neuropathological basis for the widespread deficits observed in NF1.

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The involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex in psychiatric disorders: an update of neuroimaging findings

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Cortical morphology changes in women with borderline personality disorder: a multimodal approach

Use of psychoactive substances by adolescents: current panorama

Functional Connectivity Changes and Executive and Social Problems in Neurofibromatosis Type I

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