The involvement of MsmK in pathogenesis of the Streptococcus suis serotype 2

Abstract

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is an important swine and human pathogen that causes global economic and public health problems. Virulent S. suis strains successfully maintain high bacterial concentrations in host blood and rapidly adapt to challenging environments within hosts. Successful survival in hosts is a major factor influencing the pathogenesis of SS2. We have previously identified that SS2 colonization in mouse brain is possibly affected by the ATPase, MsmK of carbohydrate ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters because of carbohydrate utilization. In this study, the chain length of the msmK deletion mutant was longer than that of the wild type, and the former was significantly more susceptible than the latter when theses strains were exposed to mouse blood both in vivo and in vitro. The hemolytic activity of the mutant strain was decreased. Although the adhesion of the mutant to HEp‐2 cell lines was enhanced, the deletion of msmK impaired the abilities of SS2 to resist phagocytosis and survive severe stress conditions. MsmK contributed to the survival and adaptation of SS2 in host bloodstream. Therefore, MsmK was identified as a multifunctional component that not only contributed to carbohydrate utilization but also participated in SS2 pathogenesis.

Multitask ATPases (NBDs) of bacterial ABC importers type I and their interspecies exchangeability

“…Over the last decade, multitask ATPases have been shown to play a central role in carbohydrate uptake in Firmicutes and its inactivation reduces colonization and attenuates virulence in pathogenic species 15,17,44 . To our knowledge this study is the first to show that these NBDs of ABC type I importers are functionally exchangeable between species among the Firmicutes.…”

Involvement of Various Enzymes in the Physiology and Pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis

“…Copper efflux [20] PmtA Ferrous iron and cobalt efflux, tolerance to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress [21] MsmK Utilization of multiple carbohydrates, pathogenesis [22,23] Ide Ssuis Degradation of porcine IgM, complement evasion [24][25][26] IgdE Degradation of porcine IgG [27] IgA1 protease/ZmpC Degradation of human IgA1, pathogenesis 1 [28][29][30][31] eSTK Maintaining bacterial morphology, tolerance to stresses, pathogenesis [32][33][34] eSTP Virulence, cell adhesion, and immune evasion 2 [35,36] SspA-1 Virulence, trigger of proinflammatory cytokines [37,38] SspA-2 Pathogenesis, proinflammatory response in macrophages [39][40][41] Superoxide dismutase Oxidative stress resistance, virulence [42,43] NADH oxidase Tolerance to oxidative stress, virulence [44,45] SsnA Degradation of human and porcine neutrophil extracellular traps, pathogenesis [46][47][48] EndAsuis Degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps [49] Enolase Binding of extracellular matrix components, pathogenesis [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] LuxS Growth, biofilm formation, capsule synthesis, hydrogen peroxide resistance, resistance to fluoroquinolones, pathogenesis [59]…”

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part II – Pathogenesis

“…Zhu et al [60] demonstrated that (p)ppGpp synthetases that mediate adaptive response of bacteria), could regulate the growth and pathogenicity of S. suis. Tan et al [61] demonstrated that MsmK, an ATPase of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, is a multifunctional factor that not only plays an important role in carbohydrate utilization by S. suis, but also contributes to its resistance to blood killing, phagocytosis, and osmotic stress, increases haemolytic activity and biofilm formation and promotes ability of the pathogen to infect the hosts.…”

“…The presence of biofilms in biomaterials used in surgery (e.g. vascular catheters, prosthetic joints and artificial heart valves) is one of the main causes of difficult-to-cure infections [3,6,61,83,84].…”