The Investigation on Initiation and Propagation of Hydraulic Fractures in Shale Reservoir

Liu, Xiangjun; Lei, Wei; Huang, Jing; Ding, Yi; Liang, Lixi; Xiong, Jian

doi:10.1155/2021/2366709

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…(1) Currently, physical simulation experiments and numerical simulation techniques are often used to study the propagation mechanism of hydraulic fractures. Among them, the indoor physical simulation experimental method uses small-sized rock samples for hydraulic fracture tests, which simulates the fracturing operation process at the subsurface reservoir scale indoors and can reflect the propagation of hydraulic fractures during the fracturing process in a simple and intuitive way [58,60,144,165]. In addition, indoor physical model experiments can be used to explore the influence of one or some parameters on the hydraulic fracture propagation pattern and to analyze the main control factors affecting the fracture propagation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By comparing the results of both studies, it was found that the simulation results did not completely match the experimental results and there were some errors. In addition, the cementation strength of the laminae [82,112,[144][145][146] has an important influence on the hydraulic fracture propagation. Shales with high cementation strength will hinder the longitudinal propagation of fractures, while shales with weak cementation strength tend to propagate along the laminae, i.e., too strong or too weak cementation strength of laminae is not conducive to the formation of complex fracture networks, and the dip angle of laminae also has a certain influence on the propagation of hydraulic fractures.…”

Section: Geological Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Research in Shale Reservoirs

Gong

Liu

et al. 2022

Minerals

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The characterization of artificial fracture propagation law in the fracturing process of shale reservoirs is the basis for evaluating the fracture conductivity and a key indicator of the reservoir stimulated effect. In order to improve the fracture stimulated volume of shale reservoirs, this paper systematically discusses the current status of research on artificial fracture propagation law from the research methods and main control factors and provides an outlook on its future development direction. The analysis finds that the study of fracture propagation law by using indoor physical simulation experiments has the advantages of simple operation and intuitive image, and the introduction of auxiliary technologies such as acoustic emission monitoring and CT scanning into indoor physical model experiments can correct the experimental results so as to better reveal the propagation mechanism of artificial fractures. At present, the numerical simulation methods commonly used to study the propagation law of artificial fractures include the finite element method, extended finite element method, discrete element method, boundary element method and phase field method, etc. The models established based on these numerical simulation methods have their own advantages and applicability, so the numerical algorithms can be integrated and the numerical methods selected to model and solve the different characteristics of the propagation law of artificial fractures in different regions at different times can greatly improve the accuracy of the model solution and better characterize the propagation law of artificial fractures. The propagation law of artificial fracture in the fracturing process is mainly influenced by geological factors and engineering factors, so when conducting research, geological factors should be taken as the basis, and through detailed study of geological factors, the selection of the fracturing process can be guided and engineering influencing factors can be optimized.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Research in Shale Reservoirs

Gong

Liu

et al. 2022

Minerals

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“…Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods employ diverse approaches to maximize production. − However, current techniques have limitations. Chemical EOR using surfactants and polymers risks environmental damage. − CO 2 injection raises concerns about greenhouse gas emissions. − Mechanical fracking poses threats like induced seismicity, water contamination, and strain on local resources. − Thermal techniques like steam injection and in situ combustion leverage heat to improve oil mobility and reduce viscosity. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Thermal Recovery of Heavy Oil by In Situ Combustion: The Role of Micro and Nanostructured Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Khelkhal,

Ostolopovskaya,

Ahmed Hazila

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Heavy oil reserves are recognized as being a significant yet challenging energy resource due to high viscosities. It is common knowledge that thermal recovery methods like in situ combustion rely on fuel deposition and oxidation to enhance oil mobility. This study explored micro and nanostructured manganese oxide catalysts to improve the efficiency of heavy oil oxidation. MnO composites were synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N 2 physisorption. It has been found that the smaller nanoparticles showed higher surface area (38 m 2 /g), oleic acid content, and mesoporosity compared to the larger microparticles which exhibited a surface area of 12.85 m 2 /g. Moreover, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis confirmed the catalytic activity of both particle types by intensifying oxidation peaks and lowering activation energies. However, the isoconversional calculations revealed minimal difference in oxidation times between MnO micro and nanoparticles at various conversion rates. To overcome aggregation issues, MnO nanoparticles were incorporated onto SiO 2 nanospherical particles. As a result, MnO/SiO 2 composites exhibited increased surface area and pore volume. Most importantly, they demonstrated significantly enhanced heavy oil oxidation rates, especially at a high temperature oxidation region which is considered the main key of a successful application of in situ combustion. This work highlights the promise of nanostructured MnO catalysts to improve the efficiency and economics of thermal heavy oil recovery. Further optimization of parameters like size, morphology, and dispersion extent within the reservoir could enable these materials to stabilize the combustion front and maximize heavy oil production.

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“…to form in shales with high brittle mineral contents under hydraulic fracturing, and these generally extend along the boundaries between hard mineral grains and soft organic matter [28,29]. The fracturing mechanism, fracture extension characteristics, and spatial distribution under hydraulic fracturing are investigated by a true triaxial fluid-solid coupling test system [30] and numerical tests [31][32][33], which lead to the conclusion that the induced fractures mainly extend along natural fractures and laminar surfaces [34,35]. In recent years, many studies have performed and laid a solid cornerstone in the area of hydraulic fracture modification [36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Propagation Modes of Lower Cambrian Shale Filled with Different Quartz Contents under Seepage-Stress Coupling

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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The content and spatial distribution of brittle minerals, such as quartz, are important factors in determining the fracture initiation mechanism induced by hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs. To further research the impact of quartz content in shales of the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in northern Guizhou on the fracture expansion of its reservoir, 7 groups of randomly filling shale models with different quartz contents were established using rock failure process analysis (RFPA2D-flow) code for numerical test studies under seepage-stress coupling, and 5 samples were also subjected to uniaxial compression tests using the INSTRON 1346 electrohydraulic servo-controlled material testing machine (200T). The results show that the average growth rate of the compressive strength and the fracture proportion for a quartz content of 50% to 65% are 4.22 and 1.15 times higher than those for 35% to 50%, respectively. Fractures sprout, expand, and breakdown in the shale matrix or at the junctions of the shale matrix and quartz grains. The mechanical properties and pattern of the fracture extension of the shale in the physical tests are similar to those in the numerical tests, indicating the reliability of the numerical simulations. The fractal dimension curves at different stress levels are divided into three stages: flattening, increasing, and surging, and the fractal dimension value for a quartz content of 50%~65% at a 100% stress level is 1.02 times higher than that for 35%~50%. The high degree of natural fracture development in high quartz content formations in shale gas reservoirs is of some reference value for logging data. The research results provide a reference value for the content and spatial distribution of brittle minerals for the initiation mechanism and fracture propagation of hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs.

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The Investigation on Initiation and Propagation of Hydraulic Fractures in Shale Reservoir

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Advances in Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Research in Shale Reservoirs

Advances in Hydraulic Fracture Propagation Research in Shale Reservoirs

Enhancing Thermal Recovery of Heavy Oil by In Situ Combustion: The Role of Micro and Nanostructured Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Fracture Propagation Modes of Lower Cambrian Shale Filled with Different Quartz Contents under Seepage-Stress Coupling

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