The Investigation of the Silica-Reinforced Rubber Polymers with the Methoxy Type Silane Coupling Agents

Abstract

The methoxy-type silane coupling agents were synthesized via the modification of the hydrolyzable group and characterized to investigate the change in properties of silica/rubber composites based on the different silane coupling agent structures and the masterbatch fabrication methods. The prepared methoxy-type silane coupling agents exhibited higher reactivity towards hydrolysis compared to the conventional ethoxy-type one which led to the superior silanization to the silica filler surface modified for the reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber. The silica/rubber composites based on these methoxy-type silane coupling agents had the characteristics of more developed vulcanization and mechanical properties when fabricated as masterbatch products for tread materials of automobile tire surfaces. In particular, the dimethoxy-type silane coupling agent showed more enhanced rubber composite properties than the trimethoxy-type one, and the environmentally friendly wet masterbatch fabrication process was successfully optimized. The reactivity of the synthesized silane coupling agents toward hydrolysis was investigated by FITR spectroscopic analysis, and the mechanical properties of the prepared silica-reinforced rubber polymers were characterized using a moving die rheometer and a universal testing machine.

Aromatic Polyamide Brushes for High Young’s Modulus Surfaces by Surface-Initiated Chain-Growth Condensation Polymerization

“…This has been previously shown to lower the tendency toward condensation side reactions and produce more uniform surfaces. 52 The silane surface initiator was synthesized by reacting phenyl 4-(chlorocarbonyl)benzoate with N-methylaminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane and was produced with good yield and high purity.…”

“…As discussed previously, the MDMS-amide-P initiator was designed with two hydrolyzable methoxy groups on the silane compared to the three groups of the previously reported initiator to reduce condensation side reactions. 52 Silanes with three hydrolyzable groups have been shown to form cross-linked structures on the surface, which produces a higher number of groups per unit surface area but produces less uniform films. 55 When comparing the weight loss of both polymers on the high-surface-area particles, the para-substituted protected polymer demonstrates a higher weight loss, 20 wt %, compared to the weight loss of the meta-substituted protected polymer, 15 wt % (Figure 6).…”

Effect of Modified Silica Fume Using MPTMS for the Enhanced EPDM Foam Insulation

“…This is within the range of 1000–1260 cm −1 and corresponds with the asymmetric stretching vibration of siloxane and the presence of small absorption peak at 1644 cm −1 that is clearly assigned to H-O-H bending. In addition, the absorption peak at 3372 cm −1 corresponded to the stretching vibration of silanol groups (Si-OH), as characteristic of silica [ 27 , 28 ]. The FTIR spectra of the mSF modified the SF surface by MPTMS as shown in Figure 1 .…”

“…More difference absorption peaks were observed at 810 cm −1 , 2840 cm −1 , and 2940 cm −1 , respectively, when compared with SF. The SF surface treatment by MPTMS can be identified that the peak at 810 cm −1 is due to the stretching vibration of the siloxane (Si–O–Si) bonding [ 7 , 28 ]. The peak at 2840 cm −1 and 2940 cm −1 is attributed to the stretching of –CH 2 [ 29 ].…”

Multiple Intermolecular Interaction to Improve the Abrasion Resistance and Wet Skid Resistance of Eucommia Ulmoides Gum/Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composite

“…However, the dispersibility of silica in the composite material is rather poor and the agglomeration is serious because of the large quantities of silanol groups on the surface of silica and high surface energy [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Therefore, improving the dispersion [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] of silica in composite materials by pretreatment is a hot research topic [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”