The investigation of the growth and perfection of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) crystalline region from amorphous state during annealing using a controlled temperature gradient

Xu, Duigong; Wang, Hai; Bin, Yuezhen

doi:10.1002/pcr2.10178

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…The continuous reduction of specific RAF with increasing CF also indicates an increasing crystal perfection, where the crystal perfection refers to the transition of existing crystal structures into thicker and/or more stable and ordered ones. [20,[101][102][103][104] A similar increase and subsequent decrease of RAF and systematic reduction of specific RAF with increasing [20] In contrast to sPS, PET is a slow-crystallizing semi-crystalline polymer. As a result, they first cold crystallized PET and then further annealed PET at higher T to achieve a full, limiting extent of crystallization.…”

Section: Characterization Of Coldcrystallized Sps Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry

Chen

Torkelson

2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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Rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) thin films was studied as a function of crystalline fraction (CF). In contrast to bulk sPS, confined films yield close-to-amorphous sPS, thus allowing for a complete description of RAF development. To study thin-film samples, we developed an ellipsometry-based method to quantify CF and RAF. Maximum crystallinity was thickness dependent, indicating a strong effect of near-nanoscale confinement on CF. ~360-nm-thick spin-coated films were isothermally cold crystallized to tune CF from 1% to a maximum of 12%. Combining RAF characterized at low CF here by ellipsometry with results from an earlier differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)-based study on bulk sPS with higher CF, a complete picture was obtained of RAF development as a function of CF in cold-crystallized sPS. RAF increases from ~4% at 1% CF to ~16% for 10% < CF < 25%; above 25% CF, RAF decreases monotonically with increasing CF, reaching ~7% at a maximum 50% CF. Specific RAF (=RAF/CF) decreases with increasing CF, consistent with increasing crystal perfection with isothermal cold crystallization. This ellipsometry method can be an important tool for evaluating RAF, mobile amorphous fraction (MAF), and CF in semi-crystalline polymer films and for studying confinement effects on RAF, MAF, and CF.

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Section: Characterization Of Coldcrystallized Sps Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry

Chen

Torkelson

2022

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…This may also have been due to the removal of oligomers from the amorphous region, which affects the overall melting process [29]. The reason is that the existence of oligomers has some effects on the enthalpy change of PET melting and crystallization [30].…”

Section: Dsc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Cyclic Oligomer and Their Influence on Polyester Dyeing in a Silicone Waterless Dyeing System

Pei

Zhang

et al. 2021

Polymers

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As a promising new dyeing process without using water, the non-aqueous medium dyeing of polyester has attracted people’s attention and some progress has been made in related research. However, the oligomers of polyester fiber can affect the dyeing of polyester during the use of a silicone waterless dyeing system. Based on this point, the oligomer problem in the silicone waterless dyeing system was investigated. The oligomers of some different types of polyester were extracted by solvent extraction. A treatment method with little influence on the fiber was used to reduce the oligomer content in polyester. The improvement of the dyeing effect of polyester after treatment in silicone medium was studied, and the influence of the oligomer on polyester dyeing was also analyzed. For the dyeing of disperse blue 366, the dye exhaustion was increased by 3.25–3.71%, and the color depth of the dyed sample was increased by 6–13%. Moreover, the colorfastness to rubbing was also improved. In the comparison, the changes in thermal properties and crystallization properties of polyester were tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that the thermal and crystalline properties of polyester fiber were not changed before and after solvent extraction.

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“…Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was an essential synthetic polymer in the chemical industry, which has emerged as a prime choice in textile and apparel industries due to its excellent mechanical properties, low cost, and exceptional resistance to heat, light, and microbial corrosion. − However, due to its symmetrical molecular structure, high crystallinity, and lack of active sites on its surface, PET shows poor moisture absorption and limited dyeing properties . Generally, the dyeing properties of polyesters in industry can be improved by the introduction of ionic groups on the main chain of polyester molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Insights in Structures, Properties, and Rheological Behaviors of Cationic Dyeable Polyesters

Huang,

Bao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The incorporation of ionic groups (sodium sulfonate group) in cationic dyeable polyesters (CDPs) leads to alterations in melt flow behaviors and corresponding effects on the conventional production process compared with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). In this study, a range of CDPs were synthesized with a wide range of sodium-5sulfo-bis(hydroxyethyl)-isophthalate (SIPE) contents, and their structures, properties, and rheological behaviors were comprehensively investigated. The thermal stability of CDPs decreased, while the glass transition temperature initially decreased and then increased with an increase in SIPE content. Several rheological tests were performed, and the time−temperature superposition principle was utilized to give an indepth analysis of ionic aggregations and internal structures of CDPs. A more complex rheological behavior of CDPs was observed due to the ionic aggregation effects aroused from the strong polarity of sodium sulfonate groups. Based on temperature scans, small amounts of SIPE would act as a plasticizer, reducing the complex viscosity (η*) of CDPs. As the SIPE content increased, the η* of CDPs increased, and the linear viscoelastic interval became narrower, indicative of the formation of ionic aggregates, and this structure was also verified by the results obtained from extensional rheology. Time− temperature superposition began to fail when the SIPE concentration rose further, confirming that ionic aggregation clusters emerged. This work may shed light on the understanding of design and structure−property relationships of PET ionomers.

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The investigation of the growth and perfection of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) crystalline region from amorphous state during annealing using a controlled temperature gradient

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry

Development of rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene films confined near the nanoscale: Novel analysis via ellipsometry

Extraction of Cyclic Oligomer and Their Influence on Polyester Dyeing in a Silicone Waterless Dyeing System

New Insights in Structures, Properties, and Rheological Behaviors of Cationic Dyeable Polyesters

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