The Investigation of DNA Damage Induced by Adrenaline in Human Lymphocytes in Vitro/Ispitivanja Oštećenja DNK Izazvanih Adrenalinom U Limfocitima Čoveka in Vitro

Abstract

Adrenaline is a neurotransmitter and hormone that plays an important role in physiological regulatory mechanisms. The objective of this study was to assess primary DNA damage in isolated human lymphocytes exposed to adrenaline using the in vitro comet assay. Dose-response of human lymphocytes was determined at concentration range of adrenaline from 0.01 μM to 300 μM for various treatment times (1h, 2h, 4h and 24h). The obtained results showed that adrenaline induced DNA damage at concentration range from 5 μM to 300 μM after 1h, 2h and 4h of treatment. The slightest DNA damage was observed after 24 h of adrenaline treatment -only the highest concentrations of adrenaline (150 μM and 300 μM) caused increased level of DNA damage. In order to evaluate the potential contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adrenaline-induced DNA damage we used antioxidants catalase (100 IU/mL and 500 IU/mL) and quercetin (100 μM and 500 μM). Co-treatment of lymphocytes with adrenaline (300 μM) and antioxidants for 1 h, signifi cantly reduced the quantity of DNA in the comet tails. Therefore, it can be concluded that adrenaline exhibits genotoxic effects mainly through induction of reactive oxygen species and that some of the DNA damage is repaired during the fi rst four hours following the treatment with adrenaline.

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial responses to stress exposure suggest that king penguins are naturally equipped to resist stress

“…Beside GCs, other hormones involved in the stress response could explain variations in oxidative stress levels resulting from acute restraint-stress. For instance, adrenaline increases very rapidly during the first seconds to minutes after stress exposure, and has been shown to affect oxidative balance in vitro 58 .…”

Adrenaline induced disruption of endogenous melatoninergic system, antioxidant and inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tissues of male Wistar rat: an in vitro study

“…conditions, catecholamines, particularly, adrenaline is released from sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla to serve a pivotal role in preparing the organism to fight or flight by modulating numerous physiological functions (2,3). However, excessive release of adrenaline, due to its pro-oxidant and auto-oxidation properties, generates enormous ROS that may induce detrimental effects on cells and tissues.…”

“…These include loss of DNA integrity (4), cardiotoxicity (5), hepatotoxicity (6), cancer (7,8) and age-related disorders (9). It was reported that exogenous administration of adrenaline promoted a redox cycle and enhanced intra-cellular production of ROS (10). Notably, an already elevated release of adrenaline under acute stress could be further increased by chronic stressful conditions (11).…”

Nitroso‐Oxidative Stress, Acute Phase Response, and Cytogenetic Damage in Wistar Rats Treated with Adrenaline

“…On the other hand, increased CAT activity found in rats treated with adrenaline implies that CAT has an important protective role in removing free radicals produced in cells. This assumption is supported by studies of Djelić et al [10] and Radakovic et al [12] where catalase in cotreatment with adrenaline reduced DNA damage mediated by free radicals in human lymphocytes. Our results are in accordance with the study of Pereira et al [40] who reported that adrenaline plays a role in the oxidative stress in the lymphoid organs since adrenodemedullation affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes.…”

“…One of the final products of oxidative metabolism-adrenochrome is able to stimulate oxidation of adrenaline in which superoxide anion (O 2 ·− ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are formed. Besides, it was reported that catalase and quercetin diminished the DNA-damaging effect of adrenaline in vitro [12].…”