The investigation of deflection behavior in carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates under low-velocity impact with small projectiles

Abstract

This study examined the impact behavior of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates with 2, 4, and 6 mm thicknesses under low-velocity tests. The investigation involved subjecting the composite laminates under small-impact loads using spherical, cylindrical, and conical steel projectiles, each weighing 3 g. The impacts conducted at 29.5, 36.5, and 51 m/s velocities. This investigation modeled using finite element (FE) methods and analytical approaches. In the analytical method, the mass and spring model used for the impact of small projectiles. The research findings revealed that, in 2 mm thick carbon/epoxy composite laminates, the maximum deflection at the mid-point induced by a spherical projectile was 1.37 mm. This value exhibited a 48.91% and 19.13% increase compared to impacts with cylindrical and conical projectiles, respectively. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of delamination across all samples indicated the maximum delamination occurrence in glass/epoxy samples, showcasing lower impact resistance than carbon/epoxy laminates. Notably, with an increase in thickness, the delamination phenomenon in the samples exhibited a decreasing trend. In addition, the maximum value of delamination in the composite laminates were with spherical, conical, and cylindrical projectiles respectively, and also, there was an excellent convergence between FE and analytical results.