The Investigation of Construction Techniques and Material Usage of Historical Stone Bridges in Anatolia and Balkans

Abstract

Aim: Historical bridges are important because of their construction techniques and historical heritage. Historical bridges must remain intact for many years. Therefore, material properties and construction techniques have to be known for their correct restorations. In this study, the bridges built between the Roman period and the end of the Ottoman period in Anatolia and the Balkans were investigated comparatively. The data obtained from this study is intended to provide a source for conservation applications. Method: In this study, related articles, books and archives were used. The stone bridges from the Roman period till the end of the Ottoman period are investigated in terms of their historical developments, alterations, material usages, construction techniques and structural properties. Findings: It has been determined that every period has specific characteristics. The timber pile system used in the construction of the Roman bridge and the use of iron clamps are also seen in the Seljuk and Ottoman bridges. In addition, it was observed that as you get closer to the present day both stone size decreased and workmanship's cares goes down. Conclusion: The construction techniques and materials were investigated from the Roman period till the end of the Ottoman period. Researches have shown that bridges have survived to the present day due to the application of rational solutions in the construction of bridges. The use of timber in bridge constructions and the reduction of shear stresses caused by weight loads also contributed positively to the effects of earthquakes. The use of iron elements ensures that the arches and foundations remain intact.