The investigation of congenital infection by<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>in an endemic area of Chile: three protocols explored in a pilot project

Zulantay, Inés; Corral, Gabriela; Guzman, Miguel; Aldunate, Fabián; Guerra, Watermo; Cruz, Israel; Araya, A; Tapia, Vilma; Márquez, Fernando José; Muñoz, Carmen; Apt, Werner

doi:10.1179/136485911x12899838413583

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The disadvantages of microscopic examination are low sensitivity and high subjectivity, since it depends on the ability and training of the observer to detect the parasite in the blood sample (39,56). Both factors could lead to parasites being missed in congenitally infected newborns (57). Another important point is that the sample quality and storage play key roles in the results (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly varied parasitic burden in neonates, the number of replicates, and the time of observation are other important factors for consideration (38,39). It should be also considered that congenital infection at any stage of pregnancy, as well as the perinatal transmission of T. cruzi, may affect parasitemia (57,58). Thus, more sensitive methods are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a New Strategy for Diagnosis of Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

et al. 2017

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The immigration of Latin American women of childbearing age has spread the congenital transmission of Chagas disease to areas of nonendemicity, and the disease is now a worldwide problem. Some European health authorities have implemented screening programs to prevent vertical transmission, but the lack of a uniform protocol calls for the urgent establishment of a new strategy common to all laboratories. Our aims were to (i) analyze the trend of passive IgG antibodies in the newborn by means of five serological tests for the diagnosis and follow-up of congenital infection, (ii) assess the utility of these techniques for diagnosing a congenital transmission, and (iii) propose a strategy for a prompt, efficient, and cost-effective diagnosis of infection. In noninfected newborns, a continuous decreasing trend of passive IgG antibodies was observed, but none of the serological assays seroreverted in any the infants before 12 months. From 12 months onwards, serological tests achieved negative results in all the samples analyzed, with the exception of the highly sensitive chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). In contrast, in congenitally infected infants, the antibody decline was detected only after treatment initiation. In order to improve the diagnosis of congenital infection, we propose a new strategy involving fewer tests that allows significant cost savings. The protocol could start 1 month after birth with a parasitological test and/or a PCR. If negative, a serological test would be carried out at 9 months, which if positive, would be followed by another at around 12 months for confirmation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a New Strategy for Diagnosis of Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

et al. 2017

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“…For this purpose, we designed three protocols to study congenital ChD. 15 Here we present our final results for 2005-2009.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in an endemic area of Chile: a multidisciplinary study

Apt

Zulantay

Arnello

et al. 2012

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygi

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“…Transmission of T. cruzi is not only due to T. infestans hematophagous activity but also a consequence of the ingestion of contaminated food with vector stools ( 4 ), congenital infection ( 5 , 6 ), blood transfusion ( 7 , 8 ) and organ transplantation ( 9 , 10 ). Triatomines live in dark and warm cracks of poorly-constructed homes in both rural and suburban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repellent and Lethal Activities of Extracts From Fruits of Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L., Meliaceae) Against Triatoma infestans

et al. 2018

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Triatoma infestans is the principal vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, parasite responsible of Chagas's Disease transmission in Argentina. Pyrethroids have become common pesticides for the control of T. infestans but increasing resistance encourages the search of new alternatives and the use of natural products for biological control arises as a new strategy. Melia azedarach L. is originated from the Himalaya's region and several compounds are part of its rich phytochemistry. Folk medicine of the plant is due to its repellent and insecticidal activities. Aims of this work were to evaluate the repellent activity of methanolic and acetonic extracts from fruits of M. azedarach by means of the area preference method of fifth and first nymph stages as well as to test the acute lethal effect of the more repellent extract by means of direct application on cuticle on both stages. For repellence, qualitative filter papers were divided into two halves, one treated with methanolic (ME) or acetonic (AC) extract and the other without treatment. Controls were impregnated half with methanol or acetone and half without the solvents. One nymph was located in each Petri or well and repellence percentage was determined. For the lethal effect, fasted and fed to repletion 5th stage nymphs were topically administered with different concentrations of AC and deaths were registered after 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed as well. AC demonstrated high repellent activity (100%, both stages), whereas ME extract activity was slight (10–21%). AC extract was selected for lethal assays due to early repellent activity. Fed to repletion nymphs were more sensitive to the lethal activity of the extract when compared to fasted nymphs (LD50: 11.5 vs. 23.1 μg/insect, respectively). Phytochemistry assays of extracts showed a higher concentration of flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenes for AC. Considering these results, next assays will include the test of Melia azedarach extract on T. infestans that are resistant to pyrethroids for a possible synergism between AC and the pesticides.

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The investigation of congenital infection byTrypanosoma cruziin an endemic area of Chile: three protocols explored in a pilot project

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Towards a New Strategy for Diagnosis of Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

Towards a New Strategy for Diagnosis of Congenital Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

Congenital infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in an endemic area of Chile: a multidisciplinary study

Repellent and Lethal Activities of Extracts From Fruits of Chinaberry (Melia azedarach L., Meliaceae) Against Triatoma infestans

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