The investigation of acid effect on chemical polymerization of indole

Soylu, Orhan; Uzun, Sultan; Can, Muzaffer

doi:10.1007/s00396-011-2410-3

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Apart Soylu et al had studied the effect of solvents (HClO 4 and BF 3 ) over the polymerization and conductivity as prepared electroactive material to suggest the effect of position attachment of these to the Indole. They observed that H + adds to carbon third of Indole and breaks the conjugation, while BF 3 attaches to nitrogen atom and does not affect the chain conjugation [18]. Few reported polymerization conditions for PIN are tabulated in Table 1.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Pinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymerization of Indole in the presence of FeCl 3 was done on DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) template by Hassanien et al [23], and magnitude of templating depends upon non-covalent interaction between the cationic PIN and anionic DNA. Various polymerization combinations of tert-butyl ammonium perchlorate (TBAP), Indole monomer, with Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 •6H 2 O oxidant were taken in the presence of Lewis acids like BF 3 and HClO 4 , at 5 °C for 24 h [18]. 1:5 (FeCl 3 : Indole) was heated at 15 °C for hours with nonstop stirring to generate PIN for Li-ion battery application where PIN was used as cathode [24].…”

Section: Chemical Oxidative Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the synthesized PIN with APS by Park et al [41] was having electrical conductivity of 5.5 × 10 −5 S cm −1 which subsequently decrease after de-doping. PIN synthesized in Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 •6H 2 O generates low level of electrical conductivity (6.0 × 10 −7 S cm −1 ) in protonic acidic solution (HClO 4 ) due to broken polymer chain, while, in the presence of BF 3 , no polymer backbone is ruptured resulting in higher electrical conductivity (4.6 × 10 −4 S cm −1 ) of synthesized polymer [18]. Electropolymerized synthesized PIN were objected to four-point probe for ascertaining the conductivity, the conductance was found to be low as 0.03 mS cm −1 [42].…”

Section: Electrical and Electrochemical Performance Of Pinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application

Mudila

Prasher

Kumar

et al. 2019

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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Polyindole-based hybrid composites are being recognized as a promising candidate to be used in energy storage field along with other conjugated organic polymers. Polyindoles themselves are affected with low electrical and electrochemical conductivity; nevertheless, high redox activity, tunable electrical conductivity, significant thermal stability, slow degradation rate, and possible blending property give them upper hand to be used as a good contender. Certain factors viz. electrolyte, concentration, morphology, pH, temperature, etc., are major components affecting performance of Polyindole and its composites. This assessment recapitulates the position of Polyindole and its hybrid composite to be used as energy harvest material; in addition, this evaluation also pronounces the future aspect of the hybrids.

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Section: Synthesis Of Pinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Oxidative Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrical and Electrochemical Performance Of Pinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application

Mudila

Prasher

Kumar

et al. 2019

Mater Renew Sustain Energy

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“…The other characteristic absorptions of Hb are νC=O (1652), νC-N (1541), δC-O (612) [22,23] and νC-H (2927). PIN shows characteristic FT-IR absorptions corresponding to νN-H (3300) [24], νC-H (2925) [25], νC=C Ar (1652) [26], νC-C (1459) [26], νC-N (1555) and νC-H out-of-plane deformation (741) [24,27]. HPCs show characteristic absorptions at vN-H (3145), vC-H (2917), the peaks vC=O (1655) and vC-N (1528) cm −1 are nearly similar to those of Hb, vC=C (1311) and vC-H out-of-plane deformation (741).…”

Section: Materials Characterization and Analysis Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haemoglobin/polyindole composites: the novel material for electrochemical supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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Conducting polymers have recently been employed with metal derivative macromolecules that have led to great improvement in the field of supercapacitor materials. The current work reports on the synthesis of a novel class of haemoglobin/polyindole composites (HPCs) through doping of haemoglobin (Hb) into a polyindole (PIN) matrix. HPCs with enhanced electrocapacitive performance were prepared through a cationic surfactant-assisted dilute solution polymerization of indole (IN) in the presence of Hb at various concentrations ranging from 10 to 30% (w/w) and ferric chloride (FeCl 3) as an oxidant. The HPCs were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy and simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical capacitance (C s , F g −1) of graphite-based electrodes fabricated from HPCs over stainless steel in the presence of sulphonated polysulphone as a binder has been investigated in KOH solution (1.0 M) with reference to Ag/AgCl at a scan rate (V s −1) ranging from 0.001 to 0.2. HPCs with 30% (w/w) of Hb have shown the highest C s of 294.00 as compared with 112.00 for pure PIN at a scan rate of 0.001 V s −1. Successive scans of HPC electrodes show a capacitive decline of ∼2% during the first 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 0.1 V s −1 in KOH (1.0 M), which indicates the appreciable electrochemical cyclic stability of the HPCs over PIN. Thus, the fabricated HPCs may serve as potential electrode material for development of electrochemical supercapacitors.

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“…The primary reason for this interest lies in its similar structure to other conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polycarbazole, and poly(para‐pehenylene). All these conducting polymers have both benzene ring and pyrrole ring . Studies on producing new materials with interesting physical and chemical properties mainly focus on blends and composites of the PIN .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and charge transfer mechanism of PIN–cdse nanocomposites

Özkazanç

2015

Polymer Composites

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This paper reports structural, thermal, and temperature‐dependent dielectric properties of polyindole–cadmium selenide (PIN–CdSe) nanocomposites. PIN and its nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method. Samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray (SEM/EDX), atomic force microscope, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Dielectric properties were analyzed as a function of temperature. FT‐IR spectroscopy indicated that both NH and aromatic CC bonds were affected more by doping process. Significant structural differences were observed in XRD and SEM analyses of PIN and its nanocomposites. Both XRD and DSC measurements revealed that crystallinity of the PIN increases to a certain degree with increasing doping level. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that addition of CdSe decreased degradation temperature of the PIN. Conductivity measurements investigated by universal power law indicated that the charge transport mechanism of all the samples is consistent with correlated barrier hopping model. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:3057–3065, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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The investigation of acid effect on chemical polymerization of indole

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application

Critical analysis of polyindole and its composites in supercapacitor application

Haemoglobin/polyindole composites: the novel material for electrochemical supercapacitors

Characterization and charge transfer mechanism of PIN–cdse nanocomposites

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