The investigation of a ‘cluster’ of hepatitis B in teenagers from an Indigenous community in North Queensland

Malcolm, Ruth L.; Ludwick, Locklen; Brookes, Dianne L.; Hanna, Jeffrey N

doi:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb01591.x

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The highest HBsAg prevalence (26%) was reported by two studies; one was a cross sectional survey by Burrell and colleagues in 1979-82 of stored blood samples [31] and the other an investigation of a cluster of HBsAg seropositive cases in northern Queensland among Indigenous adolescents [39]. There were six studies in adults and pregnant women; three were community-based surveys, and three serology testing of a convenient sample of stored blood specimens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians since universal vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundIn Australia, higher rates of chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg) have been reported among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) compared with non-Indigenous people. In 2000, the Australian government implemented a universal infant/adolescent hepatitis B vaccination program. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the disparity of HBsAg prevalence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people, particularly since 2000.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase and public health bulletins up to March 2011. We used meta-analysis methods to estimate HBsAg prevalence by Indigenous status and time period (before and since 2000).ResultsThere were 15 HBsAg prevalence estimates (from 12 studies) among Indigenous and non-Indigenous people; adults and pregnant women (n = 9), adolescents (n = 3), prisoners (n = 2), and infants (n = 1). Of these, only one subgroup (adults/pregnant women) involved studies before and since 2000 and formed the basis of the meta-analysis. Before 2000, the pooled HBsAg prevalence estimate was 6.47% (95% CI: 4.56-8.39); 16.72% (95%CI: 7.38-26.06) among Indigenous and 0.36% (95%CI:-0.14-0.86) in non-Indigenous adults/pregnant women. Since 2000, the pooled HBsAg prevalence was 2.25% (95% CI: 1.26-3.23); 3.96% (95%CI: 3.15-4.77) among Indigenous and 0.90% (95% CI: 0.53-1.28) in non-Indigenous adults/pregnant women.ConclusionsThe disparity of HBsAg prevalence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people has decreased over time; particularly since the HBV vaccination program in 2000. However HBsAg prevalence remains four times higher among Indigenous compared with non-Indigenous people. The findings highlight the need for opportunistic HBV screening of Indigenous people to identify people who would benefit from vaccination or treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians since universal vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2013

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“…All our isolates are HBsAg serotype ayw3 based on aa sequence at positions 122, 127, and 160. Concerns have been raised regarding the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in Indigenous Australians that is derived from serotype adw virus. There is also some evidence to raise concerns about HBV vaccine efficacy in the Gambia where there is also a mismatch between vaccine (serotype adw) and endemic HBV that is genotype A‐2, serotype ayw‐4 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Australia, the overall prevalence of HBV is estimated to be low (0.8–0.9%) . However, HBV is endemic in Indigenous communities in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, with estimates of HBV seroprevalence ranging from 5% to 20% . The predominant route of transmission in this setting is likely to be perinatal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B in the Indigenous people of northern Australia

Davies

Littlejohn

Locarnini

et al. 2013

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has not been comprehensively defined in Australia, although a national serosurvey in 1999 estimated 0.49–0.87% of the population were infected 1 (HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive). HBV infection appears more prevalent in Aboriginal Australians than others, with serological evidence of past infection (HBV core antibody (HBcAb)‐positive and HBsAg‐negative) found in 30–90% 1–4 . Antenatal seroprevalence studies in the Northern Territory (NT) found a current infection prevalence of 3.7%–5.5% 5,6 .…”

Section: Documented Hbv Serology In 112 Patients Who Had An Adult Heamentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for hepatitis B in East Arnhem Land: a high prevalence of chronic infection despite incomplete screening

Carroll¹,

Page²,

Davis³

2010

Internal Medicine Journal

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Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in Aboriginal Australians, but current seroprevalences in Northern Territory communities are unknown. We performed an audit of HBV serology on a convenience sample of 112 adults at an East Arnhem Land Health Service. Complete HBV serology was only available in 26 (23%) patients. Evidence of HBV exposure (core antibody-positive) was found in 43 of 68 (63%) patients tested, and current HBV infection (surface antigen-positive) was found in nine of 76 (12%). HBV is an incompletely defined, under-resourced and substantial public health problem in Aboriginal Australians.

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The investigation of a ‘cluster’ of hepatitis B in teenagers from an Indigenous community in North Queensland

Abstract: Initiatives to control hepatitis B need to be enhanced within existing maternal and child health, sexual health, alcohol and drug and chronic disease management programs.

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians since universal vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chronic hepatitis B prevalence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians since universal vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B in the Indigenous people of northern Australia

Screening for hepatitis B in East Arnhem Land: a high prevalence of chronic infection despite incomplete screening

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