The Investigating Water Infiltration Conditions Caused by Annual Urban Flooding Using Integrated Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems

Abstract

Flood disasters always hit densely populated urban areas during the rainy season. The causes of flooding that will examine in this scientific article are the condition of water infiltration into the soil. The case study was conducted in the urban area of Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Remote sensing data derived from various satellite images i.e., Sentinel-2 (BSI and NDVI extraction), Alos Palsar Imagery (slope extraction), CHIRPS (annual rainfall), and soil texture by laboratory analysis. Acquisition of remote sensing data using a Cloud Computing platform named Google Earth Engine (GEE). Data analysis using weighted overlay with ArcGIS 10.8 and threshold classification using natural breaks (Jenks). Denpasar City has the potential for water infiltration is good to very critical conditions. The correlation of the water infiltration map was carried out by comparing flood events in Denpasar City. The correlation results show (R2 = 0.84), (r = 0.916), (RMSE = 0.138), and p-value <0.05, these values indicate very high relation. Flood events often occur in zones with very critical water infiltration with high building density and low vegetated land cover. The condition of water infiltration critical to very critical category, spatially at the proportion of land cover vegetation < 1% and built-up area > 37%.

Farmer Perspectives on Sustainable Urban Farming Tourism: A Case Study of Bali's Subak Lestari Program

“…Along the southern coastal region, the geological formation is primarily Alluvium. In general, the physical conditions of the region are conducive to agricultural activities (Trigunasih and Saifulloh, 2022b;Trigunasih et al, 2023). The overview of the subak landscape in the research area is presented in Figure 2.…”

Urban footprint extraction derived from worldview-2 satellite imagery by random forest and k-nearest neighbours algorithm

“…The proportion of space in this area can be a role model for spatial planning, especially in urban centres in Bali Province. The proportion of vegetated land is essential for urban areas to minimize air pollution [21] land surface temperature [22] , increase comfort for community and tourist [23], reduce inundation floods [24] and other environmental problems. Mapping the urban footprint area using remote sensing and machine learning techniques holds significant potential for environmental management and future urban planning.…”