The invention of lustre: Iraq 9th and 10th centuries AD

Pradell, Trinitat; Molerà, J.; Smith, Andrew D.; Tite, M. S.

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2007.08.016

Cited by 47 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Contemporary glassmakers and potters still employ more complex colloidal metallic dispersions of gold, silver, platinum and copper to generate desired colours in decorative glasses and enamels [22] but also try to retrieve all the parameters necessary to recreate the ancient recipes, see further. As mentioned above, the earliest lustre pottery ever found was made in Iraq during the Abbasid Dynasty (9 th century) [22,27,[30][31][32][33][34]44]. Some scholars claim that a similar lustre also exists on glass vessels from the same period or slightly before [25][26] but artefacts are very rare and poorly documented.…”

Section: Ancient Recipes and Treatises From Middle-ages To 19 Th Cenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

Colomban

2009

JNanoR

151

128

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Abstract. The use of metal nanoparticles dispersed in an optically clear matrix by potters and glassmakers from the Bronze Age up to the present time is reviewed from the solid state chemistry and material science point of view. The nature of metal (gold, silver or copper), the importance of some other elements (Fe, Sn, Sb, Bi) added to control metal reduction in the glass in relation to the firing atmosphere (combined reducing oxidizing sequences, role of hydrogen and water) are considered in the light of ancient Treatises and recent analyses using advanced techniques (FIB-TEM, EXAFS,…) and classical methods (optical microscopy, UV-visible absorption). The different types of colour production, by absorption/reflection (red, yellow) or diffraction (iridescence) and the relationship between nanostructure (metal particle dispersion, layer stacking) and lustre colour are discussed. The very specific interaction between light and the metal nanoparticle makes Raman scattering a very useful "bottom up" technique to study the local glass structure around the metal particles as well as to detect incomplete metal reduction or residues tracing the preparation route, hence making it possible to differentiate between genuine artefacts and fakes.

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Section: Ancient Recipes and Treatises From Middle-ages To 19 Th Cenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

Colomban

2009

JNanoR

151

128

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“…In this way, beautiful iridescent reections of different colours (in particular gold and ruby-red) are obtained. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The characterisation and the study of lustre decorated majolicas is of considerable interest for archaeologists and scientists, offering possibilities to produce pottery with outstanding decoration following ancient examples, because nowadays artisans are interested in the reproduction of ancient recipes and procedures. The lustre technique, originally developed in Iraq, later spread to Egypt, Persia and Spain, following the expansion of the Arabian culture during medieval time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of Hispano-Moorish and Italian Renaissance lustred majolicas by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Rodríguez

Fermo

Olivi

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Lustre is characterized by a few hundreds of nanometers thick heterogeneous metal-glassy nanocomposite film. Silver and copper nanoparticles are dispersed within the outermost layers of the glaze, conferring peculiar optical properties to the whole material. Even though numerous studies have been carried out, many questions regarding the chemical composition, the mechanism of metal reduction and the optical properties of lustre still remain. Synchrotron radiation techniques are suitable for detailed studies on metal-glassy nano-composites. For example, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) can provide useful information on oxidized phases or atomic clusters dispersed in an amorphous medium, otherwise not achievable with diffraction techniques. In this work, we try to get information on the chemical state and local environment of metal atoms in the lustre and in the blue pigment, in order to achieve a better understanding of the reduction mechanism of different metals present and the manufacturing techniques related to different productions (Hispano-Moorish and Italian Renaissance lustred majolicas). In particular, different samples characterized by lustre and blue decorations only, produced in Spain and in central Italy in XIV-XV cent., are compared.

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“…The technique later used in Egypt (10th century) spread all along the Mediterranean Regions with the diffusion of Islamic culture. The lustre decorations reached their maximum development first in Spain (between 14th and 16th century), and later in Italy (between 15th and 16th century) [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature of this glost firing may be the same with the bisque firing, or it may be higher or lower [4,7]. Lustre is a metal-glass nanocomposite thin layer containing 5-50 nm sized metallic copper and/or silver nanoparticles [3]. Nanosized particles are embedded in a silica-based glassy matrix, which results in a beautiful metallic shine and coloured iridescence on the surface of the ceramic object [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lustre is a metal-glass nanocomposite thin layer containing 5-50 nm sized metallic copper and/or silver nanoparticles [3]. Nanosized particles are embedded in a silica-based glassy matrix, which results in a beautiful metallic shine and coloured iridescence on the surface of the ceramic object [3,7]. The glassy matrix protects the nanosized particles against atmospheric oxidation and, thus, is responsible for preserving the shine of the lustre layer over the centuries [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation of thin lustre layers developed by ion-exchange mechanism on the surface of Iznik tiles

İmer

Günay

Öveçoğlu

2015

Ceramics International

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The invention of lustre: Iraq 9th and 10th centuries AD

Cited by 47 publications

References 34 publications

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

The Use of Metal Nanoparticles to Produce Yellow, Red and Iridescent Colour, from Bronze Age to Present Times in Lustre Pottery and Glass: Solid State Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Nanostructure

A comparative study of Hispano-Moorish and Italian Renaissance lustred majolicas by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

An investigation of thin lustre layers developed by ion-exchange mechanism on the surface of Iznik tiles

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