The Intravenous Use of Serum and Plasma, Fresh and Preserved

Dried Plasma

“…Meanwhile, Dr. Max Strumia was experimenting with turning Elliot's liquid plasma into a sterile powder and refined the drying process by inventing a device for freeze-drying under a vacuum [37,44]. This was followed by production of several hundred units of dried plasma for testing by the US Army and Navy.…”

Fresh frozen plasma: the most commonly prescribed hemostatic agent

“…Bowditch and Luciani became the first to investigate use of the liquid part of blood as a blood substitute when they injected serum from sheep into frogs in the 1870s . It was soon noted that serum contained vasoactive substances and plasma became the next hoped‐for blood substitute . Preclinical studies determined that investigators could nearly exsanguinate a dog and replace the blood with horse plasma and the dog could survive .…”

The plasma wars: a history

“…With the financial support of the Women's Board of his hospital he designed and had constructed a small apparatus capable of shell freezing liquid plasma and drying it under vacuum. 8 He reported at the same 1940 AMA meeting at which Kendrick had first heard Elliott. Kendrick 5 listened to both champion plasma and saw the advantages to the military of the product in the dried state.…”

“…Strumia's earliest publication on intravenous plasma as a blood substitute does recognize John Elliott but additionally goes right into the literature on freeze‐drying biologicals. With the financial support of the Women's Board of his hospital he designed and had constructed a small apparatus capable of shell freezing liquid plasma and drying it under vacuum 8 . He reported at the same 1940 AMA meeting at which Kendrick had first heard Elliott.…”