The intestinal habitat for organized lymphoid tissues in ruminants; comparative aspects of structure, function and development

Landsverk, Thor; Halleraker, Marit; Aleksandersen, Mona; McClure, S.J.; Hein, Wayne R.; Nicander, Lennart

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(91)90038-e

Cited by 69 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In contrast, in cattle IPP the M cells were uniform in appearance (Landsverk, 1981;TorresMedina, 1981;Landsverk et al, 1991;Parsons et al, 1991). In the pig M cells of the large intestine have a more variable appearance than those of the small intestine (for review, see Liebler-Tenorio and Pabst, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Microanatomy of Ileal Peyer's Patches of the One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is not Age‐Dependent

Zidan

Pabst

2008

The Anatomical Record

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The Peyer's patches (PP) have been intensely investigated in several species because this is an important entry site for antigens and infectious agents. There are many PP in the jejunum, and in some species such as ruminants, carnivores, and omnivores, a different continuous PP is found in the terminal ileum. This PP disappears with age in these species studied. So far the ileal PP (IPP) has only been examined in the camel by light microscopy. Therefore, the localization of ileal Peyer's patches in the dromedary camel at different ages, as well as the histology and ultrastructures were now investigated. The IPP were characteristically seen as dark rose-colored isolated structures in the shape of a cup, arranged in three irregular rows. The central row was antimesenteric. Each patch was formed by several mainly elongated dome regions flanked by intestinal villi. In cross-sections these domes appeared as short, wide villi. The domes were formed from lymphoid follicles covered with a typical domeassociated epithelium of enterocytes and M cells without any goblet cells. The M cells showed variable appearance depending on the functional status. The lymphoid follicles expressed clear germinal centers. High endothelial venules were localized in the interfollicular region. In contrast to other species the IPP were still present with a comparable macroscopic and histological structure in camels of 25 years of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Microanatomy of Ileal Peyer's Patches of the One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is not Age‐Dependent

Zidan

Pabst

2008

The Anatomical Record

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“…GALT in the different parts of the intestine has the typical organization of MALT structures, but there are distinct regional differences [66]. JPP have small pearshaped lymphoid follicles and large interfollicular areas and domes.…”

Section: Histology and Lymphocyte Subsetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More enteroabsorptive cells than M cells are present in the LE of JPP and LGC, whereas the LE of the IPP is composed of an almost uniform population of M cells [63,66,93,122]. One characteristic of M cells is the irregular short thick microvilli.…”

Section: Morphology and Function Of The Lymphoepitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

MALT structure and function in farm animals

2006

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-Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is defined as an organized lymphoid tissue in the mucosa that samples antigens. The morphological characteristics that distinguish MALT from lymphoid infiltrates are discussed. MALT has been extensively investigated in laboratory animals, while knowledge in cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses that are summarized under the term farm animals in this review is fragmentary. Literature data about the distribution, morphology, function and involvement in infectious diseases of MALT in farm animals are described. The understanding of specific features of MALT in other species than laboratory animals is important for comparative research, in order to understand pathological and immunological processes in the respective species and as a potential route of vaccination of mucosal surfaces.

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“…Thirty years ago Reynolds and Morris (6) proposed that the ileal Peyer's patches (IPP) of sheep played a role similar to the avian bursa, that is, they were primary for B cell development. The equivalent of an IPP is not found in mice or humans and appears to be largely a feature of artiodactyls, although there are similar structures in some cetaceans (7) and some carnivores (8); the sacculus rotundus in rabbits may belong to the same category (9). The lymphoglandular complexes of the colon may act analogously.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The fetal B and T cell repertoires of both species develop without maternal influence and regulatory factors such as maternal IgG that are known to influence fetal immunological development in mice and rabbits (37)(38)(39)(40)(41). However, swine have multiple offspring (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), weigh ,2 kg at birth, and can be conveniently reared in GF isolators after their recovery by cesarean surgery where all environmental and maternal factors are thereafter controlled by the experimenter (41,42). Furthermore, the V H repertoire of swine is well characterized, partially mapped, and has been followed during development using methods that quantify repertoire development and frequency of SHM (43)(44)(45)(46)(47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets. XX. B Cell Lymphogenesis Is Absent in the Ileal Peyer’s Patches, Their Repertoire Development Is Antigen Dependent, and They Are Not Required for B Cell Maintenance

Butler

Santiago-Mateo

Sun

et al. 2011

The Journal of Immunology

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The continuous ileal Peyer’s patches (IPP) of sheep are regarded as a type of mammalian bursal equivalent where B cells diversify their repertoire in an Ag-independent fashion. Anatomically and developmentally similar IPP occur in swine. Resection of ∼90% of the IPP in piglets at birth did not alter Ig levels in serum and secretions or retard diversification of the Ab repertoire when animals were maintained in isolators and colonized with a defined gut flora. Resection or sham surgery elevated IgG and IgA in serum and in lavage fluid from the gut, lung, and in saliva. No changes in the frequency of IgG-, IgA-, and IgM-containing cells in the spleen and peripheral lymph node were observed. Using an index that quantifies diversification of the VDJ repertoire, no differences were seen in three secondary lymphoid tissues between piglets lacking IPP and colonized controls, whereas both groups displayed >10-fold greater diversification than did late-term fetal piglets or piglets maintained germ-free. Somatic hypermutation was very low in fetal IPP and the IPP of germ-free piglets but increased 3- to 5-fold after colonization. D–J signal joint circles were not recovered in IPP, and V–DJ signal joint circles were 5-fold lower than in bone marrow and similar to those in thymus and spleen. We conclude that the porcine IPP are not a site of B cell lymphogenesis, do not undergo Ag-independent repertoire diversification, and are not primary lymphoid tissue since they are not required for maintenance of Ig levels in serum and secretions.

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The intestinal habitat for organized lymphoid tissues in ruminants; comparative aspects of structure, function and development

Cited by 69 publications

References 43 publications

Unique Microanatomy of Ileal Peyer's Patches of the One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is not Age‐Dependent

Unique Microanatomy of Ileal Peyer's Patches of the One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is not Age‐Dependent

MALT structure and function in farm animals

Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets. XX. B Cell Lymphogenesis Is Absent in the Ileal Peyer’s Patches, Their Repertoire Development Is Antigen Dependent, and They Are Not Required for B Cell Maintenance

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