The Intertidal Zone of the North-East Atlantic Region

Hawkins, Stephen J.; Pack, Kathryn E.; Firth, Louise B.; Mieszkowska, Nova; Evans, Ally J.; Martins, Gustavo M.; Åberg, Per; Adams, Leoni; Arenas, Francisco; Boaventura, Diana; Bohn, Katrin; Borges, Carla D. G.; Castro, João J.; Coleman, Ross A.; Crowe, Tasman P.; Cruz, Teresa; Davies, Mark S.; Epstein, Graham; Faria, João; Ferreira, J.G.; Frost, Natalie; Griffin, John N.; Hanley, ME; Herbert, Roger J.H.; Hyder, Kieran; Johnson, Mark P.; Lima, Fernando P.; Masterson-Algar, Patricia; Moore, Pippa J.; Moschella, Paula S.; Notman, Gillian M.; Pannacciulli, Federica; Ribeiro, Pedro A.; Santos, António M.; Silva, A.; Skov, Martin W.; Sugden, Heather; Vale, Maria; Wangkulangkul, Kringpaka; Wort, Edward J. G.; Thompson, Richard C.; Hartnoll, Richard G.; Burrows, Michael T.; Jenkins, Stuart R.

doi:10.1017/9781108235792.003

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 332 publications

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“…In this study grazers occurred across all latitudes. Grazing can have powerful effects on algal biomass and distribution at low-to mid-latitudes [72,85], and grazing is an important driver of microalgal community structure on King George Island in Antarctica [86]. Contrary to this, no patellid limpets has been reported from south Greenland, suggesting grazing is of little importance in this sub-Arctic region [36].…”

Section: Latitudinal Gradients In Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Global gradients in intertidal species richness and functional groups

Thyrring

Peck

2020

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Whether global latitudinal diversity gradients exist in rocky intertidal α-diversity and across functional groups remains unknown. Using literature data from 433 intertidal sites, we investigated α-diversity patterns across 155° of latitude, and whether local-scale or global-scale structuring processes control α-diversity. We, furthermore, investigated how the relative composition of functional groups (algae, grazers, predators and suspension-feeders) changes with latitude. α-diversity differed among hemispheres with a mid-latitudinal peak in the north, and a non-significant unimodal pattern in the south, but there was no support for a latitudinal diversity gradient. Although global-scale drivers had no discernible effect, the local-scale drivers significantly affected α-diversity, and our results reveal that latitudinal diversity gradients are outweighed by local-processes. In three functional groups: predators, grazers and suspension-feeders diversity declined with latitude, coinciding with an inverse gradient in algae. Overall, we propose more studies are needed on the magnitude and influence of physical and biotic drivers across multiple scales.

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Section: Latitudinal Gradients In Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Global gradients in intertidal species richness and functional groups

Thyrring

Peck

2020

Preprint

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“…(2017) demonstrated this in sedimentary systems. Recent work on rocky shores has also emphasized the strong context-dependency of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships (Mrowicki et al ., 2015), reminding us of the importance of environmental gradients (summarized in Raffaelli & Hawkins, 1996) in setting patterns and ultimately determining potential composition of biodiversity, outcomes of interactions and hence processes at the community and ecosystem level (Hawkins et al ., 2019 b , 2019 c ).…”

Section: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus experimental studies on rocky shores had become mainstream from the 1980swith several subsequent generations of students and post-docs worldwide (see reviews in John et al, 1992;Bertness et al, 2001Bertness et al, , 2014Hawkins et al, 2019aHawkins et al, , 2019bHawkins et al, , 2019c. In New Zealand, Choat brought back insights from his time with Connell in California (Choat, 1977) and was an early champion of experimental approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we have highlighted work done in Britain and Ireland plus neighbouring north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean countriesthe traditional hinterland of JMBA. This work has led to the shores of the north-east Atlantic being some of the most studied in the world (Hawkins et al, 2019b), with much recent progress in the Mediterranean (Benedetti-Cecchi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rocky shores as tractable test systems for experimental ecology

et al. 2020

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Rocky shore ecology has been studied for a long time, starting with qualitative descriptions and becoming more quantitative and experimental over time. Some of the earliest manipulative experimental ecological studies were undertaken on rocky shores. Many, over time, have made considerable contributions to ecological theory, especially highlighting the importance of biological interactions at the community level. The suitability of rocky shores as convenient test systems for ecological experimentation is outlined. Here we consider contributions from rocky shores to the emerging concepts of supply-side ecology, the roles of competition, predation and grazing, disturbance and succession and positive interactions in structuring communities along environmental gradients. We then address alternative stable states, relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, and bottom-up and top-down control of ecosystems. We briefly consider the feedback and synergies between ecological concepts and experimental work on rocky shores, whilst still emphasizing the traditional values of marine natural history upheld in JMBA since its first publication. The importance of rigorous experimental designs championed by Underwood and co-workers is emphasized. Recent progress taking advantage of new technologies and emerging approaches is considered. We illustrate how experimental studies have shown the importance of biological interactions in modulating species and assemblage-level responses to climate change and informed conservation and management of coastal ecosystems.

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“…For this study, the focus was the North-East (NE) Atlantic coast, which is characterised by highly wave-exposed shorelines as a result of the large fetch and swell caused by westerly winds. The region is mostly macrotidal with ranges of 4-10m, however these are significantly reduced along the Scandinavian coast and around amphidromic points [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Reefs in the North-East Atlantic Area: Present Situation, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives

Reis¹,

Linden²,

Sousa-Pinto³

et al. 2021

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Artificial reefs have been deployed in multiple regions of the world for different purposes including habitat restoration and protection, biodiversity and fish stock enhancement, fisheries management and recreation. Artificial reefs can be a valuable tool for ecosystem protection and rehabilitation, helping mitigate the effects of anthropogenic impacts that we face today. However, knowledge on artificial reefs is unevenly distributed worldwide, with some regions having much more quality information available and published (e.g. European Mediterranean Sea area), while others, for instance the North-East Atlantic area, do not. Here, we provide a characterization of purposely built artificial reefs in North-East Atlantic area based on all available literature (i.e. research papers and reports), highlighting the needs and gaps that are vital for establishing future perspectives for artificial reef deployment and research. In the North-East Atlantic area, sixty-one purposely built artificial reefs have been deployed since 1970, mostly between the years 1990-2009, with Spain being the country with the highest number of artificial reefs. The most reported purpose for their deployment is fisheries productivity and habitat/species protection, although, most artificial reefs are multipurpose in order to maximise the benefits of a given financial investment. The majority of artificial reefs were submerged at < 50 m, mainly between 10-20 m of depth. The most used designs were cubic blocks and complex designs made by an array of combined shapes, which mostly consist of concrete (79%). From all the analysed data on artificial reefs, 67% of the cases reported surveys to assess biodiversity after the deployment. However, in 26% of those cases, data was not available. When data was available, only 31% of cases reported long-term biomonitoring surveys (3 years or more). Based upon these findings, we noticed a general lack of scientifically robust data, including records of species and abundance of both fish and invertebrates, as well as macroalgae. Preventing an adequate determination of the best balance between shape, construction material and bio-colonization. Critiques and suggestions are discussed in the light of current available data in order to perform more efficient research, evaluation and functioning of future artificial reefs.

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The Intertidal Zone of the North-East Atlantic Region

Cited by 20 publications

References 332 publications

Global gradients in intertidal species richness and functional groups

Global gradients in intertidal species richness and functional groups

Rocky shores as tractable test systems for experimental ecology

Artificial Reefs in the North-East Atlantic Area: Present Situation, Knowledge Gaps and Future Perspectives

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