The Intertidal Ecology of Cardigan Bay

Evans, Ronald G.

doi:10.2307/2256720

Cited by 50 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Littorina littorea is a gastropod grazer which is usually found in the intertidal (Moore 1940, Evans 1947, Smith and Newell 1955, Williams 1964 and is not tolerant of high surge (Evans 1947 Littorina littorea feeds on encrusting diatoms and macroalgae; Lubchenco (1978) found that Enteromorpha is one of Littorina's most preferred foods.…”

Section: Description Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Littorina littorea is a gastropod grazer which is usually found in the intertidal (Moore 1940, Evans 1947, Smith and Newell 1955, Williams 1964 and is not tolerant of high surge (Evans 1947). Periwinkles in Long Island Sound migrate to the subtidal or lower intertidal during the winter and return to the intertidal by mid-March (P. S. Petraitis, personal observation).…”

Section: Description Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grazing Patterns of the Periwinkle and Their Effect on Sessile Intertidal Organisms

Petraitis¹

1983

Ecology

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The periwinkle, Littorina littorea, a common gastropod herbivore in the New England intertidal, strongly affects two abundant, sessile organisms, the green alga Enteromorpha and the barnacle Balanus balanoides. At very low densities, Littorina can maintain initially bare areas clear of Enteromorpha while higher densities are required to eliminate established patches. At low periwinkle densities, Enteromorpha interferes with Balanus settlement, while at high densities, Littorina appears to dislodge newly settle barnacle cyprids. Balanus abundance is greatest at intermediate Littorina densities. Experimental manipulation of periwinkle behavior through the use of partial cages shows that Enteromorphia can persist due to an interaction between snail behavior and surface irregularities. Certain areas are consistently missed which would normally be reached by a randomly moving grazer. There is no such refuge for Balanus. These results suggest that behavior—mediated effects may play an important role in maintaining diversity in the rocky intertidal.

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Section: Description Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Littorina littorea is a gastropod grazer which is usually found in the intertidal (Moore 1940, Evans 1947, Smith and Newell 1955, Williams 1964 and is not tolerant of high surge (Evans 1947). Periwinkles in Long Island Sound migrate to the subtidal or lower intertidal during the winter and return to the intertidal by mid-March (P. S. Petraitis, personal observation).…”

Section: Description Of Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grazing Patterns of the Periwinkle and Their Effect on Sessile Intertidal Organisms

Petraitis¹

1983

Ecology

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“…Cerrain levels have been shown (Evans, 1947) These were compared with levels described by Colman (1933) as critical for a similar set of species on Church Reef, and the points of difference were discussed. During the present work the writer has attempted to recognize such levels, not only on Church Reef, but also at the other localities studied.…”

Section: Critical Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intertidal Ecology of Selected Localities in the Plymouth Neighbourhood

Evans

1947

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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The work includes an investigation of the intertidal distribution of several species previously studied in Cardigan Bay. Twelve localities in the neighbourhood of Plymouth were selected for study, showing a range from conditions of extreme exposure to surf action to conditions of maximum shelter. The main features of rock configuration and surf action at the different localities are briefly described.The method of investigation is described, and results obtained for the zonation of the fucoids on Church Reef are compared with the results of Colman (1933). It concluded that the method of survey adopted in the present work yields results of a high degree of accuracy.The horizontal and vertical distributions of the flora are described and related to the intensity of surf action. This is followed by a discussion of the effects of wave intensity and wave frequency on the distribution of algae in general. The importance of the frequency of wave shock in the mid-tidal region of the shore, and its influence on algal colonization, is stressed. An attempt is made to arrange the algae studied in order of decreasing tolerance of surf.The distribution of the selected species of animals at the different localities is described; and a discussion follows on the effect of wave action as a presence or absence factor in horizontal distribution, and as a modifying factor on vertical zonation. The effect of surf on the size of individuals of certain species is also commented upon.The relation of the plant and animal species to different percentage exposures to the air at different shore levels is discussed.

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“…Two factors, tide level and the physical structure of the substrate, are of primary importance because they influence other conditions relevant for survival of the fauna. The importance of tide level is well documented and many authors have noted critical levels which have more or less universal application (Colman, 1933;Morton, 1940;Evans, 1947;Glynne-Williams & Hobart, 1952). For oligochaetes, the most relevant level is probably around MHWN, which marks the highest point at which regular tidal flooding can occur and which corresponds to a transition zone where terrestrial and aquatic faunas overlap (Glynne-Williams & Hobart, 1952;Morton, 1954).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of Oligochaeta on an exposed rocky shore in southeast Ireland

Healy¹

1996

Hydrobiologia

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The distribution of oligochaetes was studied on a wave-exposed, granite shore at Carnsore Point, County Wexford. Habitats sampled were crevices and shallow surface cracks in rock, Lichina pygmaea turf, a Mytilus edulis bed, barnacles, Laurencia pennatifida turf, Corallina officinalis turf and pools. Lichina, mussels, barnacles greater than 8 mm in height, Laurencia and Corallina were sampled quantitatively.Three species of Tubificidae and nine species of Enchytraeidae were recorded including two new species described from this locality and five which are undescribed. Oligochaetes were present in all the habitats sampled but were rare in pools and numbers were low on barnacle-covered rock except where barnacles were more than 8 mm in height. The number of species increased with decreasing tide level and was highest in lower shore crevices. Highest densities were recorded from Corallina turf and in barnacles >8 mm. Lumbricillus semifuscus was the most widespread species, occurring in crevices and mats at all tide levels; other species had more restricted distributions. Grania species were confined to Corallina turf. Only three species of oligochaete were recorded from cracks where they were almost the only fauna present. Species diversity and density were influenced by physical structure of the habitat, particularly the amount of retained sediment.The oligochaetes are members of a rich cryptofauna in habitats which provide them with organic matter and moisture and protect them from environmental extremes and wave damage and from predators during immersion. Reasons for the scarcity of oligochaete records from exposed rocky shores and the high proportion of new species in this study are discussed.

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The Intertidal Ecology of Cardigan Bay

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Grazing Patterns of the Periwinkle and Their Effect on Sessile Intertidal Organisms

Grazing Patterns of the Periwinkle and Their Effect on Sessile Intertidal Organisms

The Intertidal Ecology of Selected Localities in the Plymouth Neighbourhood

The distribution of Oligochaeta on an exposed rocky shore in southeast Ireland

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