The Interspecific Hybrids of Onion With High Degree of Resistance to a Peronosporoz and High Content of Nonvolatile Solid

Abstract

The problem of stability of plants of the onion to the most nocuous diseases acquired in the world a paramount value. Untrue mealy dew or peronosporoz onion related to their number, astonishes many kinds of the sort Allium L. and, primarily, onion napiform. Information of presence of immune grades of the onion of napiform are absent, are just of the grade with various level of stability. In years, the favorable for development of this disease, it can cause larger losses at cultivation a sevka, onions turnip and seeds. This disease almost everywhere is widespread. The activator of a peronosporoz is the mushroom of Peronospora destructor (Berk) of Casp. the typical obligate parasite living and eating on the growing plants and striking leaves and flower-colored. Use of expensive chemical means of struggle just limits dissemination of peronosporoz, but radically does not solve the problem of protection of plants, not to mention deterioration in an ecological situation. At selection of the onion of napiform to resistance to peronosporoz interspecific hybridization is the most promising, though this way is long and difficult. The main purpose with the use of interspecific hybridization is creation of forms combining presence of stored bulbs and with high resistance to peronosporoz and sufficient a fecundity. The pollen of plants for transfer of genes supervising high stability and high content they be valuable substances from multi-annual onions to the onion to napiform. In the article results of joint researches of the laboratory of selection of onions cultures, genetics and cytology, immunity of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of selection and seed farming of vegetable cultures (VNIISSOK) on development of methods of interspecific hybridization and creation of the forms of interspecific hybrids combining presence of stored bulb with high resistance to peronosporoz, the technology of selection process, results of selection and interspecific hybrids of the onion created in the VNIISSOK and approved to use in various Russia regions are presented.

FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTER FOR VEGETABLE GROWING — 100-YEAR HISTORY AS A BASIS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS (review)

“…Впер-вые в селекционно-генетических исследованиях по межвидовой гибридизации в роде Allium L. были получены фертильные гибриды между ди-и тетраплоидными видами: A. cepa L. (2)  A. nutans L. (4) и A. cepa L. (2)  A. schoenoprasum L. (4) (3). На основе межвидовой гибридизации лука созданы сорта с низким баллом поражения пероноспорозом и высокой урожайностью: Сигма, Золотые Купола, Цепариус (4). В настоящее время исследования по получению и изучению межвидовых гибридов лука продолжаются как в нашей стране, так и за рубежом (5,6).…”

“…На основе иммунологической, молекулярно-генетической, морфофизиологической оценки коллекционного и селекционного материала овощных культур в условиях искусственного заражения, провокационного и естественного инфекционного фонов выделены источники резистентности овощных культур к экономически значимым болезням: капусты -к киле (53), свеклы столовой -церкоспорозу (54) фасоли овощной -к вирусным болезням (47), лука -к пероноспорозу (4).…”