The Intersection of HIV and Syphilis: Update on the Key Considerations in Testing and Management

Ren, Melody; Dashwood, Thomas; Walmsley, Sharon

doi:10.1007/s11904-021-00564-z

Cited by 37 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…This patient’s HIV-positive status further complicated diagnosis and treatment. Co-infection yields greater infectivity, lower CD4 counts, increasing viral load, earlier progression of syphilis, higher rates of tertiary syphilis, and increased neurologic involvement [ 1 , 12 - 14 ]. Syphilis co-infection also appears to adversely affect the treatment of HIV, and vice versa [ 6 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tertiary Syphilis Masquerading as Oropharyngeal Cancer

Christmann¹,

Figg²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Syphilis is re-emerging in the United States. Treponema pallidum, the spirochete bacterium responsible for syphilis, has immunoevasive properties that facilitate pathogenesis and widespread tissue involvement. Host immune status, particularly the presence of HIV/AIDS, can influence the presentation and severity of the disease. Patients co-infected with HIV and syphilis may develop atypical lesions, including those involving the oropharynx. Any immunocompromised patient with tongue lesions and lymphadenopathy is presumed to have a wide differential diagnosis, and tissue sampling with histopathologic analysis is indicated. We present a patient with gumma of the tongue as the initial manifestation of tertiary syphilis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rate of syphilis tripled between 2013 and 2018 in the United States [ 1 ]. The causative spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum widely disseminates in host tissues and is immunoevasive, which taken together, can yield atypical presentations that mimic other diseases years after primary infection [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary Syphilis Masquerading as Oropharyngeal Cancer

Christmann¹,

Figg²,

Chatterjee³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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“…CSF examination might be warranted in serological non responders and serofast patients [40]. Many experts believe that most patients with HIV and syphilis deserve CSF examination regardless of symptoms, especially those with a CD4+ cell count < 350 cells/microL and an RPR > 1:32 [54,56].…”

Section: Neurosyphilis Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A 2021 Update on Syphilis: Taking Stock from Pathogenesis to Vaccines

et al. 2021

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In 2021 the scientific community's efforts have been focused on solving the back-breaking challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, but sexually transmitted infections (STI) are still one of the most common global health problems. Syphilis is a systemic disease caused by the spirochaete Treponema pallidum (TP) and is one of the oldest known diseases. Its incidence has increased in the last few years and syphilis still remains a contemporary plague that continues to afflict millions of people worldwide. Despite research improvements, syphilis pathogenesis is not completely clear; clinical presentation is very heterogeneous and the diagnosis can sometimes be difficult. Furthermore, few therapeutic options are available, and a vaccine has not been found yet. In this review, we describe the most recent evidence concerning the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine prospectives for this disease.

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“…The incidence and prevalence of syphilis infection among MSM has increased significantly over the past decades [6]. This is of particular concern because primary syphilis lesions can increase the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV, whereas HIV can accelerate the natural history of syphilis [7]. One feature of the current syphilis epidemics among MSM is the increasing prevalence of repeat syphilis infections, with increasing proportions of cases being reported from Belgium [8], Australia [9] and the United States [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Diagnosis of Active Syphilis Infection: Needs, Challenges and the Way Forward

Pham

Ong

Anderson

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Syphilis, a curable sexually transmitted infection, has re-emerged as a global public health threat with an estimated 5.6 million new cases every year. Pregnant women and men who have sex with men are key target populations for syphilis control and prevention programs. Frequent syphilis testing for timely and accurate diagnosis of active infections for appropriate clinical management is a key strategy to effectively prevent disease transmission. However, there are persistent challenges in the diagnostic landscape and service delivery/testing models that hinder global syphilis control efforts. In this commentary, we summarise the current trends and challenges in diagnosis of active syphilis infection and identify the data gaps and key areas for research and development of novel point-of-care diagnostics which could help to overcome the present technological, individual and structural barriers in access to syphilis testing. We present expert opinion on future research which will be required to accelerate the validation and implementation of new point-of-care diagnostics in real-world settings.

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The Intersection of HIV and Syphilis: Update on the Key Considerations in Testing and Management

Cited by 37 publications

References 94 publications

Tertiary Syphilis Masquerading as Oropharyngeal Cancer

Tertiary Syphilis Masquerading as Oropharyngeal Cancer

A 2021 Update on Syphilis: Taking Stock from Pathogenesis to Vaccines

Point-of-Care Diagnostics for Diagnosis of Active Syphilis Infection: Needs, Challenges and the Way Forward

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