The interrelationship between schizotypy, clinical high risk for psychosis and related symptoms: Cognitive disturbances matter

Flückiger, Rahel; Michel, Chantal; Grant, Phillip; Ruhrmann, Stephan; Vogeley, Kai; Hubl, Daniela; Schimmelmann, Benno G.; Klosterkötter, Joachim; Schmidt, Stefanie; Schultze‐Lutter, Frauke

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.039

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Additionally, familial association studies underline the necessity of distinguishing between positive and negative/disorganised facets of schizotypy (Tarbox and Pogue-Geile, 2011; Tarbox et al ., 2012). This is in line with findings by Schultze-Lutter and co-workers, showing that conversion form clinical high risk (CHR) to frank psychosis is best predicted by negative/disorganised schizotypy (Flückiger et al ., 2016, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor

2019

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BackgroundSchizotypy, a putative schizophrenia endophenotype, has been associated with brain-structural variations partly overlapping with those in psychotic disorders. Variations in precuneus structure have been repeatedly reported, whereas the involvement of fronto-striatal networks – as in schizophrenia – is less clear. While shared genetic architecture is thought to increase vulnerability to environmental insults, beneficial factors like general intelligence might buffer their effect.MethodsTo further investigate the role of fronto-striatal networks in schizotypy, we examined the relationship of voxel- and surface-based brain morphometry and a measure of schizotypal traits (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, with subscores Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, Disorganised) in 115 healthy participants [54 female, mean age (s.d.) = 27.57(8.02)]. We tested intelligence (MWT-B) as a potential moderator.ResultsWe found a positive association of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual with putamen volume (p = 0.040, FWE peak level-corrected), moderated by intelligence: with increasing IQ, the correlation of SPQ Cognitive-Perceptual and striatal volume decreased (p = 0.022). SPQ Disorganised was positively correlated with precentral volume (p = 0.013, FWE peak level-corrected). In an exploratory analysis (p < 0.001, uncorrected), SPQ total score was positively associated with gyrification in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus, and SPQ Disorganised was negatively associated with gyrification in the inferior frontal gyrus.ConclusionsOur findings support the role of fronto-striatal networks for schizotypal features in healthy individuals, and suggest that these are influenced by buffering factors like intelligence. We conclude that protective factors, like general cognitive capacity, might attenuate the psychosis risk associated with schizotypy. These results endorse the idea of a continuous nature of schizotypy, mirroring similar findings in schizophrenia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor

2019

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“…In line with the conceptualization of BS as the most immediate symptomatic expression of the neurobiological processes leading to psychosis (Schultze-Lutter et al, 2016) and of cognitive deficits as a core dimension of psychoses (Fluckiger et al, 2019;Heckers et al, 2013;Insel, 2010;Mollon, David, Zammit, Lewis, & Reichenberg, 2018), the severity of the cognitive BS, included in COGDIS, correlated with GMV reductions; foremost in parietal and temporal regions. Thus, as the UHR&BS patients exhibited the most severe BS, their GMV reductions might be moderated by BS: especially the cognitive symptoms included in COGDIS, which have been recommended for inclusion in the definition of CHR status by the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) (Schultze-Lutter et al, 2015a) in addition to the APS and BIPS UHR criteria.…”

Section: Gmv Group Differences In Totalmentioning

confidence: 59%

Basic symptoms and gray matter volumes of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis

et al. 2020

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Background Clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis is indicated by ultra-high risk (UHR) and basic symptom (BS) criteria; however, conversion rates are highest when both UHR and BS criteria are fulfilled (UHR&BS). While BSs are considered the most immediate expression of neurobiological aberrations underlying the development of psychosis, research on neurobiological correlates of BS is scarce. Methods We investigated gray matter volumes (GMV) of 20 regions of interest (ROI) previously associated with UHR criteria in 90 patients from the Bern early detection service: clinical controls (CC), first-episode psychosis (FEP), UHR, BS and UHR&BS. We expected lowest GMV in FEP and UHR&BS, and highest volume in CC with UHR and BS in-between. Results Significantly, lower GMV was detected in FEP and UHR&BS patients relative to CC with no other significant between-group differences. When ROIs were analyzed separately, seven showed a significant group effect (FDR corrected), with five (inferior parietal, medial orbitofrontal, lateral occipital, middle temporal, precuneus) showing significantly lower GM volume in the FEP and/or UHR&BS groups than in the CC group (Bonferroni corrected). In the CHR group, only COGDIS scores correlated negatively with cortical volumes. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that patients who fulfill both UHR and BS criteria – a population that has been associated with higher conversion rates – exhibit more severe GMV reductions relative to those who satisfy BS or UHR criteria alone. This result was mediated by the BS in the UHR&BS group, as only the severity of BS was linked to GMV reductions.

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“…Schizotypy has not only been conceptualised as a personality trait emerging from interactions between genetic risk for schizophrenia and the environment 5 – 7 , but also as an aspect of variation between healthy individuals that may also be advantageous in certain contexts 8 – 10 . Development of psychotic disorders in people with high schizotypy is theorised to be a function of intrapersonal psychological dynamics, various traits (such as intelligence, anhedonia, introversion or anxiety proneness), and favourable vs. adverse social circumstances, and such ideas have received some empirical support 5 – 8 , 11 – 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive and maladaptive features of schizotypy clusters in a community sample

Polner

Hupuczi

Kéri

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Schizotypal personality traits correlate with psychopathology and impaired functional outcome. Yet advantageous aspects of positive schizotypy may exist which could promote resilience and creativity, and several studies have identified a high positive but low negative schizotypy group with some signs of adaptation. The aim of our study was to clarify whether such individuals demonstrate only traits associated with well-being, or they also have traits that predict impairment. Participants (N = 643 students, 71.5% female) completed measures of schizotypy, resilience, self-esteem, self-concept clarity, and absorption. We identified four clusters: an overall low schizotypy, an overall high schizotypy, a disorganised-interpersonal schizotypy and a positive schizotypy cluster. The overall high schizotypy cluster seemed to be the most vulnerable as it was the least resilient and showed widespread maladaptation, whereas the high positive schizotypy cluster had intact self-esteem and high resilience and its elevated absorption may hold the promise for adaptive outcomes such as creativity and positive spirituality. However, the high positive schizotypy cluster lacked self-concept clarity. The results suggest that individuals showing high positive and low negative schizotypy demonstrate features promoting mental well-being to an extent that is higher than in all the other clusters, while their self-concept impairment is similar to that observed in the high and the disorganised-interpersonal schizotypy clusters. Better understanding of these factors could be informative for prevention and treatment of psychosis-spectrum disorders.

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The interrelationship between schizotypy, clinical high risk for psychosis and related symptoms: Cognitive disturbances matter

Cited by 31 publications

References 78 publications

The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor

The association of striatal volume and positive schizotypy in healthy subjects: intelligence as a moderating factor

Basic symptoms and gray matter volumes of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis

Adaptive and maladaptive features of schizotypy clusters in a community sample

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