The Interrelation of Calcium and Fat Utilization

French, C. E.; Elliott, R. F.

doi:10.1093/jn/25.1.17

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This study demonstrates that maintenance of bilaterally ovariectomized rats for 2 weeks on a diet enriched with either polyunsaturated (sunflower), monounsaturated (groundnut) or saturated (coconut) oil produced a variable degree of reduction in the intestinal transference of Ca 2+ as compared with bilaterally ovariectomized rats fed a normal diet only ( Table 2). These results suggest that, under the conditions of our study, the addition of high amounts of lipids in the diet possibly had a negative influence on the intestinal transference of Ca 2+ , which is quite consistent with earlier reports that Ca 2+ transference efficiency is affected by high-lipid diet in rats [17][18][19] and in infants. 16 Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 5).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of a high intake of unsaturated and saturated oils on intestinal transference of calcium and calcium mobilization from bone in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis

Chanda

Islam

Ghosh

et al. 1999

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

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Intestinal transference of calcium and rate of bone turnover were evaluated in ovariectomized rats fed for 15 days with a high amount (30%) of lipid enriched with monounsaturated (groundnut oil), polyunsaturated (sunflower oil) and saturated (coconut oil) fatty acids. The results were compared with those for sham-operated control and ovariectomized groups fed a normal diet (7% groundnut oil). Irrespective of the saturation and unsaturation characteristics, all lipids (edible oils) used in our study considerably decreased the rate of in situ intestinal transference of calcium. Likewise, the activities of intestinal mucosal enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and calcium ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) were decreased significantly in all the segments of the small intestine in a descending gradient. Significant changes in bone turnover and bone calcium (Ca) mobilization were confirmed in these animals by marked alterations in plasma AP activity, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion and calcium to creatinine (Ca:creatinine) ratio. Lipid supplementation (30%) in such ovariectomized rats using groundnut oil (monounsaturated), sunflower oil (polyunsaturated) or coconut oil (saturated) for 15 days further enhanced all of the above observed parameters. These results suggest that the intake of high amounts of lipids with different unsaturation and saturation characteristics may be an important factor in determining bone loss in ovariectomized rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of a high intake of unsaturated and saturated oils on intestinal transference of calcium and calcium mobilization from bone in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis

Chanda

Islam

Ghosh

et al. 1999

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

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“…Both starter intake and digestion of nutrients were involved because calves fed the 23% fat MR had the lowest intake and lowest digestion of several major nutrients. The reduction in Ca digestibility and amount of P digested as fat increased in the MR is consistent with results in other species (French and Elliot, 1943;Calverley and Kennedy, 1947) and calves (Toullec et al, 1980), especially when saturated fats were fed (Yacowitz et al, 1967). Guilloteau et al (1985) reported that lipase was greatest in the milk fed calf and decreased as starter consumption increased during weaning and postweaning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of fat concentration of a high-protein milk replacer on calf performance

Hill¹,

Bateman²,

Aldrich³

et al. 2009

Journal of Dairy Science

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The hypothesis was that calves fed high-fat milk replacers (MR) would have reduced starter intake, digestibility, and average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight Holstein calves (initially 42.4 +/- 1.5 kg of body weight, 2 to 3 d of age; 12 calves/treatment) were fed 0.66 kg dry matter (DM) of MR per calf daily that contained 14, 17, 20, or 23% fat. This MR had crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratios ranging from 51.6 to 56.7 g of CP/Mcal of ME, which were above and below a previously determined optimum. Calves were weaned at 28 d; postweaning measurements were continued to d 56. A 20% CP starter and water were fed ad libitum all 56 d of the trial. Measurements of digestion were made using chromic oxide as a marker in the MR and starter from fecal samples collected on d 19 to 23 from 4 calves/treatment. Selected serum constituents were measured on d 21. Calves were housed individually in pens bedded with straw within a naturally ventilated barn with no added heat. The average barn temperature was 2 degrees C. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using polynomial contrasts to separate differences in the means. Preweaning apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, fat, nonfiber carbohydrates, Ca, and P and serum amylase concentration were linearly reduced as fat increased from 14 to 23%. Preweaning starter intake responded quadratically to fat, being lowest at 14 and 23% fat. A reduction in digestibility and starter intake contributed to less ADG at the higher fat concentrations in the MR. A 27% CP, 17% fat MR with 55 g of CP/Mcal of ME maximized preweaning ADG when fat concentration was varied to obtain various CP to ME ratios in the MR. Additionally, a 27% CP, 20% fat MR with 53 g of CP/Mcal of ME supported overall ADG similar to calves fed the 17% fat MR but preweaning digestion measurements and serum amylase concentrations were less than in calves fed the 17% fat MR.

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“…Increasing fat in an MR has reduced digestibility of Ca and P (Toullec et al, 1980;Hill et al, 2009). Increasing fat in a dry diet has reduced digestibility of Ca and P in other species as well (French and Elliot, 1943;Calverley and Kennedy, 1949). All of these trials tested fat increases of more than the 2% unit increase in trial 1b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusion of tallow and soybean oil to calf starters fed to dairy calves from birth to four months of age on calf performance and digestion

Hill

Bateman²,

Aldrich

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Energy demands for calves can increase during periods of heat and cold stress. One way to potentially increase energy intake is to increase the energy density of the feed with fat. Trial 1a compared a control starter with no added fat or oil (CON) to starters with 2% tallow (TAL) and 2% soybean oil (SBO). Starters were 20% crude protein (CP) and 45 to 47% starch. Male Holstein calves that were initially 3 to 5d of age were fed a 27% CP, 17% fat milk replacer at 0.66kg of dry matter daily and fully weaned by 42d of a 56-d trial. Trial 1b estimated the digestion of the diets (employed chromic oxide as an indigestible digesta flow marker) using a subset of 5 weaned calves per treatment between d 52 and 56. Trial 2 used Holstein calves initially 59 to 61d of age fed starters CON and SBO blended with 5% chopped grass hay over a 56-d trial. Trial 3 used Holstein calves initially 59 to 61d of age fed starters CON and TAL blended with 5% chopped grass hay over a 56-d trial. Treatments were compared using repeated measures (where appropriate) in a completely randomized design. In trials 1a and 1b, preplanned contrasts compared CON versus TAL and CON versus SBO. Compared with CON, calves fed SBO had reduced starter intake, average daily gain, and digestion of dry matter, organic matter, and CP before 8wk of age. Compared with CON, calves fed SBO had reduced average daily gain and change in hip width from 2 to 4 mo of age. Compared with CON, calves fed TAL had reduced average daily gain and tended to have reduced change in hip width from 2 to 4 mo of age. Calculated metabolizable energy intake was not increased in any trial by added fat or oil. Tallow and soybean oil inclusion at 2% of the starter feed was not advantageous for calf growth before 4 mo of age.

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The Interrelation of Calcium and Fat Utilization

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of a high intake of unsaturated and saturated oils on intestinal transference of calcium and calcium mobilization from bone in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis

Effects of a high intake of unsaturated and saturated oils on intestinal transference of calcium and calcium mobilization from bone in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis

Effects of fat concentration of a high-protein milk replacer on calf performance

Inclusion of tallow and soybean oil to calf starters fed to dairy calves from birth to four months of age on calf performance and digestion

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