The Interpretation of Flow-markings and Load-casts

Prentice, J. E.

doi:10.1017/s0016756800066838

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…1) have been reported from many localities and given several different names and interpretations by various authors (Sorby, 1908;Henderson, 1935;Lamont, 1936;1938;1939a;1939b;1941;1957;Kuenen, 1953b;Kuenen and Menard, 1952;Kuenen and Prentice, 1957;Prentice, 1956;Shrock, 1948;Sullwold, 1959;Walton, 1956). Only those which have been formed simultaneously with transportation and deposition of the covering sand bed are considered here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Convoluted Laminae

Sanders

1960

Geol. Mag.

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Comparison of streaked-out " ripples " formed by the drag effects of a current passing over a watery, yet cohesive sediment bottom with convoluted laminae formed within beds of fine-grained sandstone suggests a common origin. Application of Bagnold's recent discoveries on the behaviour of cohesionless sediment in flowing fluids to the problem results in a modification of Kuenen's hypothesis of origin of the convolutions. According to the new interpretation, convolutions arise when formerly cohesionless sand grains become cohesive after deposition and respond to increased shearing due to higher current velocity by a decollementtype of adjustment with the plane or planes of adjustment located within, or in some cases at or below the base of the growing sandstone bed. Convolute " anticlines " in cohesive sand are thought to serve the same function as that played by current ripple-marks in cohesionless sand, i.e., they create additional bottom relief in order to increase the drag and restore equilibrium to the added shearing stress imposed by the current that cannot be counterbalanced by grain-tograin encounters.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Convoluted Laminae

Sanders

1960

Geol. Mag.

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“…Past geological literature on flute moulds makes common reference to two types of flutes: (i) those that formed by scour and infilling (Riicklin, 1938;Rich, 1950;Crowell, 1955;Kuenen, 1953Kuenen, , 1957Glaessner, 1958;Allen, 1971 and numerous additional references); (ii) those that formed by 'flowing mud', 'asymmetrical loading', 'directional loading', 'orientated loading', or 'flowage' (Glaessner, 1958 ;Prentice, 1956Prentice, , 1960Kuenen, 1957;Kuenen & Prentice, 1957;Birkenmajer, 1958). To avoid reintroduction of the diverse, and often confusing, terminology of the 1950s (i.e.…”

Section: Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

An ornamented mudstone cavity, Boss Point Formation, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada: evidence for mud intrusion and rheoplasis

Vandepoll

Patel

1990

Sedimentology

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An ornamented, dome‐shaped cavity, partially filled with mudstone, 4 m in diameter at its circular base and 1 m in height occurs in fluvial sandstone of the Carboniferous Boss Point Formation near Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada. The cavity formed by differential weathering and erosion of the mudstone. Its origin is enigmatic though its size, shape and relationship to the underlying mudstone bed on which it rests suggest a diapiric origin for the mudstone that filled it. On the other hand, the ornamentation on the cavity surface includes flute moulds, suggesting an erosional origin for the domal structure. Of the four principal hypotheses for its origin the one preferred by the authors involves formation by diapiric intrusion of semi‐fluid mud into liquefied sand, soon after deposition. The ornamentation on the cavity surface would have formed as part of the intrusion process. Structures akin to flute moulds have been produced experimentally in support of this interpretation by differential flow across a cement‐mix‐mud interface in a flow box and also by diapiric intrusion of mud in a soft cement mix. By analogy the flute moulds on the cavity surface could have been formed in the same way. By this interpretation, primary sedimentary processes need not be invoked to explain their occurrence on either this cavity surface or on the numerous other mudstone cavity surfaces that are ubiquitous in the Permo‐Carboniferous of eastern Canada. Results of this study have important implications with respect to the potential diversity of origins of flute moulds in general.

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“…Two types of "antidunes" may be distinguished from Lamont's figures: firstly, sharp upward protruding anticlines in dark muddy calcareous sediments overlain by silt or fine sand which filled the troughs between the antidunes and secondly, a series of narrow slightly recumbent anticlines separated by broad synclines within a uniform sandstone bed, the so-called antidunes dying out upwards and downwards (LAMONT, 1938, fig.5). PRENTICE (1956) recorded that during the load casting of an arenaceous bed into an underlying argillaceous horizon, the latter sediment is deformed into a series of sharp, often regular protrusions which penetrate upwards into the coiirser sediment. These protrusions have been termed "flame structures" (WALTON, 1956) and are undoubtedly the first type of antidune of Lamont.…”

Section: Convolute Laminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convolute Lamination and Other Structures From the Lower Coal Measures of Yorkshire

Davies

1965

Sedimentology

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SUMMARY Several deformational sedimentary structures are recorded from the non‐marine sandstones of the Lower Coal Measures of Yorkshire. Some of these structures may be termed convolute lamination and for others the term corrugated lamination is proposed. The scope and synonyms of convolute lamination are discussed and both terms are defined and illustrated. The essential difference between convolute lamination and corrugated lamination is the absence of an overall anticline‐syncline morphology in the latter. Rupture of lamination through most of the thickness of the deformed horizons give rise to rupture structures. A petrological investigation of the sediments showed slight variations in both grain size and mineralogy within individually deformed horizons. The structures are considered to be the result of load casting, caused by heterogeneity of the sediment, and/or thixotropic behaviour.

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The Interpretation of Flow-markings and Load-casts

Cited by 29 publications

References 2 publications

Origin of Convoluted Laminae

Origin of Convoluted Laminae

An ornamented mudstone cavity, Boss Point Formation, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada: evidence for mud intrusion and rheoplasis

Convolute Lamination and Other Structures From the Lower Coal Measures of Yorkshire

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