The Interplay of Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis Acid Sites in Bifunctional Catalyst for the Biomass Conversion to Levulinic Acid
Nadiah Syafiqah Mohd Azlan,
Chiew Lin Yap,
Yong Wei Tiong
et al.
Abstract:The integration of phosphotungstic acid and niobium oxide forms a bifunctional catalyst that demonstrates an interplay between Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acid which is able to provide a synergistic effect for the conversion of biomass to LA. This bifunctional acid catalyst shows a higher yield of levulinic acid (LA) (16.4%) as compared to that of sole phosphotungstic acid (10.5%) or niobium oxide (13.2%), presumably caused by a higher selectivity at the tandem steps of the conversion reaction. The bifunctional c… Show more
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