The Interplay Between Ozone and Urban Vegetation—BVOC Emissions, Ozone Deposition, and Tree Ecophysiology

Fitzky, Anne Charlott; Sandén, Hans; Karl, T.; Fares, Silvano; Calfapietra, Carlo; Grote, Rüdiger; Saunier, Amélie; Rewald, Boris

doi:10.3389/ffgc.2019.00050

Cited by 94 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…Biogenic volatile organic compounds. bVOC emissions from vegetation constitute a substantial global source of reactive hydrocarbon gases, including, most notably, isoprene, monoterpenes, and higher terpenoids 58,59 . bVOCs undergo atmospheric oxidation that, when combined with NO x , forms ground-level ozone (O 3 ), a noxious gas with acute and chronic impacts on human respiratory and cardiovascular systems 60 .…”

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bVOC emissions are generally low below 20°C, but increase with temperature until peaking between 35°C and 40°C (plant species-specific), at which point emission rates stabilise and begin to diminish 42 . The incidence of bVOC emissions in the United Kingdom may therefore increase over the coming decades under projected climate change scenarios 59,62 .…”

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant tissue damage may instigate additional emissions in the form of green leaf volatiles (C 6 aldehydes and ketones), implying the need to minimise pruning or other 'wounding events' (see 'Sustainability and species suitability'). Moreover, a recent review by Fitzky et al 59 suggests the potential for positive feedback in the form of plant tissue damage by O 3 . The restriction of overall bVOC emissions from urban GI is therefore crucial 38 , and may be achieved by judicious plant selection.…”

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, some sesquiterpenes can have a lifetime of just a few minutes, enabling the generation of secondary aerosols in the ambient air even where dispersion from the source is unhindered 42 . However, there is limited available information on the causes, means and rates of production of specific bVOCs by individual plant species 59 . Relevant studies have tended to focus on the two most abundant bVOCs (isoprene and monoterpenes; e.g.…”

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the strict classification of plant species as positive or negative according to bVOC emissions is highly problematic 67 , due in part to intraspecific variation under contrasting environmental conditions 16,64 . Indeed, Fitzky et al 59 . highlight that restricting the contribution of urban GI to O 3 formation is further complicated by uncertainty in the influences that new plants will bear on future urban environments.…”

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing vegetation barriers for urban air pollution abatement: a practical review for appropriate plant species selection

2020

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Vegetation can form a barrier between traffic emissions and adjacent areas, but the optimal configuration and plant composition of such green infrastructure (GI) are currently unclear. We examined the literature on aspects of GI that influence ambient air quality, with a particular focus on vegetation barriers in open-road environments. Findings were critically evaluated in order to identify principles for effective barrier design, and recommendations regarding plant selection were established with reference to relevant spatial scales. As an initial investigation into viable species for UK urban GI, we compiled data on 12 influential traits for 61 tree species, and created a supplementary plant selection framework. We found that if the scale of the intervention, the context and conditions of the site and the target air pollutant type are appreciated, the selection of plants that exhibit certain biophysical traits can enhance air pollution mitigation. For super-micrometre particles, advantageous leaf micromorphological traits include the presence of trichomes and ridges or grooves. Stomatal characteristics are more significant for sub-micrometre particle and gaseous pollutant uptake, although we found a comparative dearth of studies into such pollutants. Generally advantageous macromorphological traits include small leaf size and high leaf complexity, but optimal vegetation height, form and density depend on planting configuration with respect to the immediate physical environment. Biogenic volatile organic compound and pollen emissions can be minimised by appropriate species selection, although their significance varies with scale and context. While this review assembled evidence-based recommendations for practitioners, several important areas for future research were identified.

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Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disadvantageous Aspects Of Gi For Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Designing vegetation barriers for urban air pollution abatement: a practical review for appropriate plant species selection

2020

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Urban net primary production: Concepts, field methods, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA case study

Sonti

Groffman

Nowak

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Given the large and increasing amount of urban, suburban, and exurban land use on Earth, there is a need to accurately assess net primary productivity (NPP) of urban ecosystems. However, the heterogeneous and dynamic urban mosaic presents challenges to the measurement of NPP, creating landscapes that may appear more similar to a savanna than to the native landscape replaced. Studies of urban biomass have tended to focus on one type of vegetation (e.g., lawns or trees). Yet a focus on the ecology of the city should include the entire urban ecosystem rather than the separate investigation of its parts. Furthermore, few studies have attempted to measure urban aboveground NPP (ANPP) using field‐based methods. Most studies project growth rates from measurements of tree diameter to estimate annual ANPP or use remote sensing approaches. In addition, field‐based methods for measuring NPP do not address any special considerations for adapting such field methods to urban landscapes. Frequent planting and partial or complete removal of herbaceous and woody plants can make it difficult to accurately quantify increments and losses of plant biomass throughout an urban landscape. In this study, we review how ANPP of urban landscapes can be estimated based on field measurements, highlighting the challenges specific to urban areas. We then estimated ANPP of woody and herbaceous vegetation over a 15‐year period for Baltimore, MD, USA using a combination of plot‐based field data and published values from the literature. Baltimore's citywide ANPP was estimated to be 355.8 g m−2, a result that we then put into context through comparison with other North American Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and mean annual precipitation. We found our estimate of Baltimore citywide ANPP to be only approximately half as much (or less) than ANPP at forested LTER sites of the eastern United States, and more comparable to grassland, oldfield, desert, or boreal forest ANPP. We also found that Baltimore had low productivity for its level of precipitation. We conclude with a discussion of the significance of accurate assessment of primary productivity of urban ecosystems and critical future research needs.

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A conceptual model for a generalized canopy parametrization for atmospheric models

Cheng

Schlünzen

2023

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The forest canopy and the urban canopy are the two vertically most extended canopies and have a great influence on boundary‐layer processes. Many studies in the past have analyzed and discussed forest canopy effects (FCEs) and urban canopy effects (UCEs) on aerodynamics, thermodynamics, hydrology, and air quality individually. Few studies have compared them. To better understand to what extent FCEs differ from UCEs, this study carries out a qualitative assessment of FCEs and UCEs in comparison with grass‐covered surfaces. In addition, as canopy effects are represented in atmospheric models by employing canopy parametrizations, this study assesses the existing parametrizations with respect to their ability to consider the relevant canopy processes. For parametrizations being globally applicable and for multiple types of forest, urban, and forested urban canopies, it is desirable to treat both forest and urban canopies in models in a unified way. In this context, a conceptual model for a generalized canopy parametrization (GeCap) has been developed based on the assessments of this article. It focuses on the interactions between canopy characteristics, processes, and fluxes as they relate to canopy effects. GeCap can serve as a methodological framework for an integrated analysis of properties and dynamics of canopy systems and for the design of forested urban canopy parametrizations.

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The Interplay Between Ozone and Urban Vegetation—BVOC Emissions, Ozone Deposition, and Tree Ecophysiology

Cited by 94 publications

References 204 publications

Designing vegetation barriers for urban air pollution abatement: a practical review for appropriate plant species selection

Designing vegetation barriers for urban air pollution abatement: a practical review for appropriate plant species selection

Urban net primary production: Concepts, field methods, and Baltimore, Maryland, USA case study

A conceptual model for a generalized canopy parametrization for atmospheric models

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