The interplay between bacterial biofilms, encrustation, and wall shear stress in ureteral stents: a review across scales
Pedro Amado,
Shaokai Zheng,
Dirk Lange
et al.
Abstract:Ureteral stents are hollow tubes that are inserted into the ureter to maintain the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder. However, the use of these indwelling stents is associated with potential complications. Biofilm, an organized consortium of bacterial species embedded within a self-producing extracellular matrix, can attach to the outer and inner surfaces of ureteral stents. Furthermore, encrustation - defined as the buildup of mineral deposits on the stent surface - can occur independently or in pa… Show more
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