The Interplay between Auditory Attention and Working Memory

Alain, Claude; Arnott, Stephen R.; Gillingham, Susan; Leung, Ada; Wong, Jeffrey P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801371-7.00017-x

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Finally, the study did not include auditory‐spatial attention as a covariate to determine whether the impairment is a visual problem or attentional dysfunction. Nevertheless, the working memory task was administered orally in the present study, and auditory working memory and auditory attention were thought to be, to some extent, associated with each other (e.g., Alain, Arnott, Gillingham, Leung, & Wong, ; Dalton, Santangelo, & Spence, ). Future work could measure auditory processing skills directly to clarify the core deficits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Deficits of visual search in Chinese children with dyslexia

Liu

Wang

Liu

2019

Journal Research in Reading

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Background There is emerging evidence that individuals with developmental dyslexia show deficits in visual–spatial attention. This study focused on visual searches and examined whether visual search deficits would be found in Chinese children with dyslexia. More importantly, we examined the associations between dyslexia and distinct types of visual searches, to determine whether deficits are specific to some visual searches but not others. Methods The dyslexic children and their age‐matched typical peers completed both the inefficient and relatively efficient search tasks. Results The dyslexic children were generally impaired in visual searches, although the deficit in inefficient searches was more severe than in efficient searches. After phonological awareness, working memory and nonverbal IQ were considered; inefficient searches were found to be selectively impaired. Conclusions These findings suggest that visual search deficits in dyslexia are universal across alphabetic and logographic writing systems. They highlight the importance of further study on the role of top‐down attention on reading.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Deficits of visual search in Chinese children with dyslexia

Liu

Wang

Liu

2019

Journal Research in Reading

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“…Cortical thickness analyses revealed that late bilinguals had thicker cortex than early bilinguals in regions that have been classically implicated in language control. These regions included those that have been implicated in prelexical speech (left STG; Price, 2010), as well as verbal working memory and integrating auditory perception with motor production (left IPL and precentral gyrus; Alain, Arnott, Gillingham, Leung, & Wong, 2015;Simonyan & Fuertinger, 2015). Late bilinguals also had thicker cortex in the left SPL, which is implicated in top-down attentional orienting (Shomstein, 2012).…”

Section: Effects Of Aoa Differ According To Neuroanatomical Metricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of acquisition impacts the brain differently depending on neuroanatomical metric

Claussenius-Kalman

Vaughn

Archila‐Suerte

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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Although researchers generally agree that a certain set of brain areas underlie bilingual language processing, there is discrepancy regarding what effect timing of language acquisition has on these regions. We aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of age of acquisition (AoA), which has been examined previously, but with inconsistent results, likely influenced by methodological differences across studies. We analyzed gray matter density, volume, and thickness using whole-brain linear models in 334 bilinguals and monolinguals. Neuroanatomical correlates of AoA differed depending on gray matter metric. Relative to early bilinguals, late bilinguals had thicker cortex in language processing and cognitive control regions, and greater density in multiple frontal areas and the right middle temporal and supramarginal gyri. Early bilinguals had greater volume than late bilinguals in the left middle temporal gyrus. Overall, volume was the least sensitive to AoA-related differences. Multiple regions not classically implicated in duallanguage processing were also found, which highlights the important role of whole-brain analyses in neuroscience. This is the first study to investigate AoA and gray matter thickness, volume, and density all in the same sample. We conclude that cognitive models of bilingualism should consider the roles of development and neuroanatomical metric in driving our understanding of bilingual and monolingual language organization. K E Y W O R D S age of acquisition, bilingualism, gray matter, language development, magnetic resonance imaging, neuroanatomy, replication crisis

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The Interplay between Auditory Attention and Working Memory

Cited by 2 publications

References 109 publications

Deficits of visual search in Chinese children with dyslexia

Deficits of visual search in Chinese children with dyslexia

Age of acquisition impacts the brain differently depending on neuroanatomical metric

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