The Interplay Between Adipose Tissue and Vasculature: Role of Oxidative Stress in Obesity

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) rank the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome are well-established risk factors for CVDs. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiological role of adipose tissues is of great importance in maintaining cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress, characterized by excessive formation of reactive oxygen species, is a common cellular stress shared by obesity and CVDs. While plenty of literatures have illustrated the vascular oxidative stress, very few have discussed the impact of oxidative stress in adipose tissues. Adipose tissues can communicate with vascular systems, in an endocrine and paracrine manner, through secreting several adipocytokines, which is largely dysregulated in obesity. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress in obesity and vascular endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we briefly describe the possible causes of oxidative stress in obesity, and the impact of obesity-induced oxidative stress on adipose tissue function. We also summarize the crosstalk between adipose tissue and vasculature mediated by adipocytokines in vascular oxidative stress. In addition, we highlight the potential target mediating adipose tissue oxidative stress.

Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Mesenteric Adipose Tissue Damage, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Redox Imbalance From High Fructose Diet-Induced Injury in Aged Rats

“…Among them, obesity has similarly faced an upward trend, with the older population showing more susceptibility to obesity and related disorders than younger adults (Ponti et al, 2020). One interpretation of the ability of adipose tissue to reprogram whole-body physiology is their mitochondria which integrate several processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis, and ROS generation that could cause metabolic signals for obesity Boudina and Graham (2014) and vascular disorders (Zhou et al, 2021). We have limited understanding of H 2 S signaling effects on metabolic disorders based on mesenteric adipocytes tissue damage and MA mitochondrial function, as well as other mesenteric vessels and fibroblasts.…”

Identification of Adolescents with Adiposities and Elevated Blood Pressure and Implementation of Preventive Measures Warrants the Use of Multiple Clinical Assessment Tools

“…The relationship between abdominal adiposity and elevated blood pressure is not fully explained yet. However, researchers linked abdominal adiposity to elevated blood pressure via insulin resistance and related inflammation [8,24,[34][35][36][37]. Abdominal adiposity stimulates the state of insulin resistance and the inflammatory process [38].…”

“…Inflammation leads several changes vascular endothelial function, which in turn leads to the development of hypertension [39]. Visceral fat that accumulates around individual internal organs decreases body sensitivity to insulin, which contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension [35,37]. Landsberg et al (2013) explained that the pathophysiology of fat accumulation in the abdominal region led to an increase in BP through the stimulation of insulin resistance, increasing central nervous system activity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, angiotensinogen from intra-abdominal adipocytes, aldosterone production, and the renal sodium reabsorption [40].…”

“…Inflammation leads several changes vascular endothelial function, which in turn leads to the development of hypertension [ 39 ]. Visceral fat that accumulates around individual internal organs decreases body sensitivity to insulin, which contributes to oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension [ 35 , 37 ].…”

Adiponectin and Leptin Exert Antagonizing Effects on HUVEC Tube Formation and Migration Modulating the Expression of CXCL1, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9

“…Obesity has been recognized as the major risk factor for the metabolic diseases included CVD and atherosclerosis, all characterized by chronic low-grade inflammatory state, hypoxia state and adipose tissue dysregulation [ 3 ]. This latter tissue produces different adipokines involved in energy metabolism, immune processes and angiogenesis [ 4 ]. Among the others, adiponectin and leptin have recently described as potential factors regulating angiogenesis [ 5 ].…”