“…Studies have repeatedly found that GPIU has many consequences on school students ( Shi et al, 2017 ; Geng et al, 2018 ; Marengo et al, 2018 ). For example, GPIU may lead to poor academic performance and social difficulties ( Cao et al, 2018 ; Settanni et al, 2018 ), negative emotions (such as depression and loneliness) ( Schimmenti et al, 2014 ; Sharifpoor et al, 2017 ; Zhao H. et al, 2017 ; Marengo et al, 2018 ; Settanni et al, 2018 ), lower self-esteem ( Seabra et al, 2017 ), less sleep, poor eating patterns ( Fuchs et al, 2018 ), body image dissatisfaction and internalizing symptoms ( Schimmenti et al, 2014 ; Marengo et al, 2018 ), decreased visual function ( Rachmayani, 2017 ), and the emergence of psychiatric disorders ( Fuchs et al, 2018 ). Thus, identifying the antecedent variables of school students’ GPIU and designing effective interventions are urgent.…”