The Interovarian Progesterone Gradient: A Spatial and Temporal Regulator of Folliculogenesis in the Primate Ovarian Cycle

diZerega, Gere S.; Hodgen, Gary D.

doi:10.1210/jcem-54-3-495

Cited by 54 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Additionally, similar to the embryos collected from superovulated cows, the IVF-derived embryos generated from the left ovary produced a lower percentage of male than female embryos, indicating that sex-specific selection pressure may be applied to embryos by ovarian factors rather than by the uterine environment [8]. Several factors have been reported to influence the sex ratio in cattle, including the level of testosterone in bovine follicular fluid [30,31], timing of insemination [32,33], and the maturational state of the oocyte at the time of insemination [25,33]. Additionally, it has been suggested that in cattle [34], similar to the Mongolian gerbil [29], the ovary of origin of the oocyte provides preferential selection for either X-or Y-chromosomebearing sperm at fertilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

In vivo and in vitro study of the function of the left and right bovine ovaries

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

In vivo and in vitro study of the function of the left and right bovine ovaries

et al. 2015

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“…The relationship between the blood concentration of P 4 and results observed in our study is consistent with the physiology of the ovary during the estrus cycle. A previous study reported that intraovarian insertion of a P 4 implant into monkey ovary suppressed follicle growth [36]. Therefore, the effect of P 4 on follicle growth may not be exerted directly through blood but through follicles and CLs in the ovary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concentration-dependent effect of progesterone on follicle growth in the mouse ovary

Komatsu

Masubuchi

2017

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Follicle growth in the mammalian ovary is coordinately controlled by multiple factors to sustain periodic ovulation. In this study, we investigated the role of progesterone on follicle growth in the mouse ovary. As the concentration of progesterone changes during the estrus cycle, we cultured the sliced mouse ovary in a medium containing 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 1 μg/ml progesterone. Progesterone promoted the growth of primordial to primary follicles at 100 ng/ml, while it suppressed the growth of secondary follicles at 1 μg/ml. Follicles at other developmental stages in the cultured ovary were unaffected with different concentrations of progesterone. The number of ovulated oocytes increased in the medium containing 100 ng/ml progesterone but decreased in the presence of 1 μg/ml progesterone. Follicles expressed two types of progesterone receptors, progesterone receptor (PGR) and PGR membrane component 1 (PGRMC1). While PGR shows transient expression on granulosa cells of Graafian follicles, PGRMC1 expresses in granulosa cells of developing follicles. These results suggest that progesterone controls the growth of developing follicles through PGRMC1. Our study shows that the effect of progesterone on ovulation and follicle growth in mouse ovary is dependent on the concentration of progesterone and the follicle stage.

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“…Progesterone (P4) slows the rate at which granulosa cells and immortalized cells derived from granulosa cells, that is, spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells (SIGCs), undergo mitosis and apoptosis in vitro [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, the classic nuclear progesterone receptor (PGR) does not mediate P4's actions because granulosa cells of growing follicles and SIGCs do not express PGR [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-2 Within the Immature Rat Ovary and Its Role in Regulating Mitosis and Apoptosis of Spontaneously Immortalized Granulosa Cells1

Griffin

Liu

Pru

et al. 2014

Biology of Reproduction

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Progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (Pgrmc2) mRNA was detected in the immature rat ovary. By 48 h after eCG, Pgrmc2 mRNA levels decreased by 40% and were maintained at 48 h post-hCG. Immunohistochemical studies detected PGRMC2 in oocytes and ovarian surface epithelial, interstitial, thecal, granulosa, and luteal cells. PGRMC2 was also present in spontaneously immortalized granulosa cells, localizing to the cytoplasm of interphase cells and apparently to the mitotic spindle of cells in metaphase. Interestingly, PGRMC2 levels appeared to decrease during the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Moreover, overexpression of PGRMC2 suppressed entry into the cell cycle, possibly by binding the p58 form of cyclin dependent kinase 11b. Conversely, Pgrmc2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment increased the percentage of cells in G1 and M stage but did not increase the number of cells, which was likely due to an increase in apoptosis. Depleting PGRMC2 did not inhibit cellular (3)H-progesterone binding, but attenuated the ability of progesterone to suppress mitosis and apoptosis. Taken together these studies suggest that PGRMC2 affects granulosa cell mitosis by acting at two specific stages of the cell cycle. First, PGRMC2 regulates the progression from the G0 into the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Second, PGRMC2 appears to localize to the mitotic spindle, where it likely promotes the final stages of mitosis. Finally, siRNA knockdown studies indicate that PGRMC2 is required for progesterone to slow the rate of granulosa cell mitosis and apoptosis. These findings support a role for PGRMC2 in ovarian follicle development.

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The Interovarian Progesterone Gradient: A Spatial and Temporal Regulator of Folliculogenesis in the Primate Ovarian Cycle

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

In vivo and in vitro study of the function of the left and right bovine ovaries

In vivo and in vitro study of the function of the left and right bovine ovaries

The concentration-dependent effect of progesterone on follicle growth in the mouse ovary

Expression of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component-2 Within the Immature Rat Ovary and Its Role in Regulating Mitosis and Apoptosis of Spontaneously Immortalized Granulosa Cells1

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