The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee

Nelson, J. Daniel; Shimazaki, Jun; Benítez-del-Castillo, J.M.; Craig, Jennifer P.; McCulley, James P.; Den, Seika; Foulks, Gary N.

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997b

Cited by 693 publications

(555 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…MGD, which can eventually lead to dry eye, is a chronic and diffuse abnormality of the MG, commonly characterized by terminal duct obstructions or excessive keratosis and/or quantitative/qualitative changes in glandular secretion and/or lipid discharge difficulty (19). This situation may result in alterations to the tear film, increased tearfilm osmolarity, symptoms of eye irritation, apparent eye inflammation and ocular surface disease (19). These problems have prompted researchers to identify novel methods to diagnose, monitor and treat MGD in a timely manner.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer for the assessment of dry eye with Meibomian gland dysfunction

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of dry eye, and the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the differences between dry eye patients with MGD and controls using a novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer. A total of 33 dry eye patients with MGD and 31 controls were enrolled in the present study. Testing included administration of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), followed by Keratogragh 5M (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), measurements of the noninvasive tear film break-up times (NITBUTs), the first tear film break-up point and the morphology of meibomian gland. Meibomian gland loss (MGL) on the upper lid was evaluated using noncontact meibography. The first NITBUT (NITBUTf) was significantly shorter than the average NITBUT (NITBUTav; Mann-Whitney U-test, P<0.01). There was a weak negative Spearman correlation between NITBUTf and OSDI (rs=-0.251, P=0.046) as well as between NITBUTav and OSDI (rs=-0.250, P=0.046). Furthermore, MGL showed a statistically significant Spearman correlation with OSDI (rs= 0.562; P<0.01). In the MGD group, NITBUTf was significantly shorter (P<0.01), and MGL and OSDI score were significantly greater (P<0.01 and <0.01, respectively) than in the control group. In the MGD group, the first tear film break-up point was most frequently located in the inferonasal quadrant, while it was most frequently located in the supertemporal quadrant in the control group, and there was a significant difference with this regard (χ 2 =3.937, P=0.047). In the MGD group, there were significantly more breakups in the lower quadrant than in the upper quadrant (P=0.011), whereas no differences in the number of breakups in each quadrant were observed in the control group (P= 0.429). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the breakups in the lower quadrants of the two groups (χ 2 =0.525, P=0.469). In the MGD group, there were significantly more breakups in the lower quadrant than in the upper quadrant (P=0.011), whereas no differences in the number of breakups in each quadrant were observed in the control group (P= 0.429). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the breakups in the lower quadrants of the two groups (χ 2 =0.525, P=0.469). As the NITBUTs showed only a weak correlation with OSDI, they may not be a strong indicator of the OSDI. However, MGL indicated changes of meibomian gland morphology in the MGD group and the first tear film break-up point was likely located in the inferonasal quadrant in the MGD group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer for the assessment of dry eye with Meibomian gland dysfunction

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…This may result in alteration of the tear film, symptoms of eye irritation, clinically apparent inflammation, and ocular surface disease (18) . In this prospective study, we treated all patients with warm com presses and lid hygiene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azithromycin 1.5% ophthalmic solution: efficacy and treatment modalities in chronic blepharitis

Fadlallah¹,

Rami²,

Fahd³

et al. 2012

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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Purpose: To assess the efficacy of topical 1.5% azithromycin in the treatment of mo derate to severe chronic blepharitis and to compare the efficacy of two different treatment modalities. Methods: A randomized clinical trial included 67 patients with chronic anterior and/or posterior blepharitis, followedup for 3 months. Signs and symptoms were graded according to severity. Patients were randomized into two groups: 33 patients in group I and 34 patients in group II. Group I patients were treated with topical 1.5% azithromycin twice a day for three days, and Group II patients were treated with topical 1.5% azithromycin twice a day for three days then at bedtime for the rest of the month. All patients were instructed to apply warm compresses and an eyefriendly soap twice daily. Results: Patients in both groups tolerated the treatment with minimal irritation. A signi ficant improvement in signs and symptoms was noted at the one week fol lowup visit. Group II showed a more pronounced and longerlasting improvement that persisted after three months of followup. Conclusion: Topical 1.5% azithromycin ophthalmic solution is an effective treat ment option for chronic blepharitis. In moderate to severe blepharitis, a one month treatment is safe and shows better improvement than the threeday protocol with no significant relapse until three months of followup.

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“…109 To date, it is uncertain whether MGDo can result in deficiency in meibomian gland expressibility or alteration in lipid secretions that are frequently associated with lid margin inflammation commonly seen in MGD. 110,111 Although alterations to meibomian gland morphology may be suggestive of MGD, such changes are difficult to ascertain in a routine eye examination. Researchers have designed imaging systems to facilitate meibomian gland examination and diagnosis, including a combined system of infrared photography and transillumination biomicroscopy.…”

Section: Meibomian Gland Dropoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Complications Induced by Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses

Lin

Yeh

2013

Eye &Amp; Contact Lens: Science &Amp; Clinical Practice

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The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee

Cited by 693 publications

References 34 publications

A novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer for the assessment of dry eye with Meibomian gland dysfunction

A novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer for the assessment of dry eye with Meibomian gland dysfunction

Azithromycin 1.5% ophthalmic solution: efficacy and treatment modalities in chronic blepharitis

Mechanical Complications Induced by Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses

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