The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Report of the Subcommittee on Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Meibomian Gland

Knop, Erich; Knop, N; Millar, Thomas J.; Obata, Hiroto; Sullivan, David A.

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-6997c

Cited by 830 publications

(1,016 citation statements)

References 398 publications

(547 reference statements)

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“…This differential distribution of Lrig1 in the basal layer, and not in the central area, of the MG is analogous to that found in SGs 1, 7, 8, 9. The SG basal layer is the source of Lrig1‐positive, proliferating progenitor cells, which give rise to differentiated sebocytes in the central region 7, 8, 9, 21, 22.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Biomarkers for Progenitor and Differentiated Epithelial Cells in the Human Meibomian Gland

Xie

Sullivan

Chen

et al. 2018

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

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The meibomian gland (MG) is a sebaceous gland that secretes through a holocrine process. Because such secretion requires the destruction of MG acinar epithelial cells, they need constant renewal and differentiation. The processes that promote these regenerative events in the human MG are unknown, nor is it known how to distinguish MG progenitor and differentiated cells. We discovered that Lrig1 and DNase2 serve as biomarkers for human MG progenitor and differentiated cells, respectively. Lrig1 is expressed in MG basal epithelial cells in the acinar periphery, a location where progenitor cells originate in sebaceous glands. DNase2 is expressed in the differentiated epithelial cells of the MG central acinus. Furthermore, proliferation stimulates, and differentiation suppresses, Lrig1 expression in human MG epithelial cells. The opposite is true for DNase2 expression. Our biomarker identification may have significant value in clinical efforts to restore MG function and to regenerate MGs after disease‐induced dropout. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:887–892

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Biomarkers for Progenitor and Differentiated Epithelial Cells in the Human Meibomian Gland

Xie

Sullivan

Chen

et al. 2018

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

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“…In generally, this condition is related to chronic blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction. Meibomian glands are placed in tarsal plates of eyelids and produce lipid layer of preocular tear film [5] . Normally, meibomian glands have different anatomical properties in [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are There Any Difference Between Primary and Multiple Operated Chalazion According to Age, Gender or Lesion Location?

İlhan

Yılmazbaş²

2017

International Journal of Ophthalmic Research

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45 and 54.5, percent of female were 55 and 45.5 in primary chalazion (PC) and multiple operated chalazion (MOC) groups, respectively. The mean age was 42.0 ± 19.4 years and 36.6 ± 15.8 years in two groups. The percent of right eye laterality were 72.5 and 52.4, percent of left eye laterality were 27.5 and 47.6 in PC and MOC groups, respectively. The percent of upper eyelid location were 60 and 40, percent of lower eyelid location were 40 and 60 in PC and MOC groups, respectively. When compared two groups according to age, gender, chalazion laterality and location, there were no statistically significant differences (p values were 0.302, 0.475, 0.119 and 0.259 respectively). CONCLUSION: Factors such as age, gender and site of chalazion are similar in both PC and MOC groups. INTRODUCTIONChalazion is one of the most prevalent eye diseases. Non-infectious lipogranulomatous inflammation related to blocked meibomian gland orifices causes chalazion [1,2] . Painless swelling, ptosis, narrow eyelid aperture and astigmatism are chalazion related clinical findings [3] . If lesion does not resolve with warm compress, several invasive treatment options such as intralesional steroid injection or surgical drainage can be performed [4] .After treatment, recurrent chalazion can occur in same or another eyelid. In generally, this condition is related to chronic blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction. Meibomian glands are placed in tarsal plates of eyelids and produce lipid layer of preocular tear film [5] . Normally, meibomian glands have different anatomical properties in MATERIALS AND METHODS:Daily chalazion operation lists of Ulucanlar Eye Training and Education Hospital were examined retrospectively. Adult patients who missing medical records and all pediatric population were excluded. Forty patients who underwent chalazion surgery for first time and 22 patients who underwent multiple chalazion surgery were included. Two groups were compared according to age, gender, and site of chalazion. RESULTS: This study consisted of 30 males and 32 females. The mean age of patients was 40.1 ± 18.2 years. The percent of male were

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“…4,5 Treatments for MGD typically combine a number of approaches ranging from lubrication, oral omega-3 fatty acids, and targeting clinically apparent inflammation with steroids and antibacterial therapy. 6 Further, intraglandular obstruction, central to the pathogenesis of MGD, 7 may be reduced through self-administered heat compresses and lid massage, 6 meibomian gland expression in the clinic, or through newer advanced techniques such as thermal pulsation procedures, intraductal meibomian gland probing, and intense pulse light therapy performed in the outpatient setting. [8][9][10] Although these newer technologies have met with improved outcomes in a subset of patients, [8][9][10] there remains a cohort of patients whose treatment is complicated by persistent symptoms despite objective improvement in clinical signs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo detection of clinically non-apparent ocular surface inflammation in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-associated refractory dry eye symptoms: a pilot study

Qazi

Kheirkhah

Blackie

et al. 2015

Eye

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Purpose The utility of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) in the investigation of palpebral conjunctival and corneal inflammation in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)-associated refractory dry eye symptoms following gland expression, despite objective clinical improvement. Methods A retrospective, observational pilot study was conducted evaluating five patients with MGD-associated refractory dry eye symptoms and three control groups: symptomatic untreated MGD patients (n = 3), treatment-responsive MGD patients with improved symptoms (n = 3) and asymptomatic healthy normals (n = 11). Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, tear break-up time (TBUT), the number of meibomian glands yielding liquid secretion (MGYLS), palpebral conjunctival epithelial and substantia propria immune cell (EIC, SIC), and corneal dendritic cell (DC) densities were measured. Results Despite clinical improvement (TBUT: 6.4 ± 1.2 s to 10.1 ± 2.1 s, P = 0.03; MGYLS: 3.5 ± 0.8 glands to 7.0 ± 1.1 glands, P = 0.13) and a normal clinical examination post treatment, MGD patients remained symptomatic. IVCM revealed increased immune cells in the palpebral conjunctiva (refractory MGD EIC = 592.6 ± 110.1 cells/ mm 2 ; untreated MGD EIC = 522.6 ± 104.7 cells/mm 2 , P = 0.69; responsive MGD EIC = 194.9 ± 119.4 cells/mm 2 , Po0.01; normals EIC = 123.7 ± 19.2 cells/mm 2 , Po 0.001), but not the cornea (refractory MGD DC = 60.9 ± 28.3 cells/mm 2 ; normals DC = 25.9 ± 6.3 cells/mm 2 ; P = 0.43). EIC did not correlate with TBUT (R s = − 0.26, P = 0.33). OSDI scores correlated with both EIC (R s = 0.76, Po0.001) and TBUT (R s = − 0.69, Po0.01) but not SIC. Intraglandular immune cells were also seen. Conclusion MGD-associated refractory symptoms and the symptom-sign disparity may be explained by clinically non-apparent, active inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva as detected by IVCM. These patients may benefit from anti-inflammatory therapy.

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The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Report of the Subcommittee on Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Meibomian Gland

Cited by 830 publications

References 398 publications

Biomarkers for Progenitor and Differentiated Epithelial Cells in the Human Meibomian Gland

Biomarkers for Progenitor and Differentiated Epithelial Cells in the Human Meibomian Gland

Are There Any Difference Between Primary and Multiple Operated Chalazion According to Age, Gender or Lesion Location?

In vivo detection of clinically non-apparent ocular surface inflammation in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction-associated refractory dry eye symptoms: a pilot study

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