The International Scale of the Groundwater Issue

Fienen, Michael N.; Arshad, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23576-9_2

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Situating findings from this analysis with reference to academic literature revealed limited research addressing rates of groundwater use for drinking, with available figures often presented as background information rather than empirical findings. The overall proportion of the aggregated population from case study countries found to be using groundwater for drinking (79%) is higher than figures reported in the literature, which estimate half of the global population to be reliant on groundwater for drinking [2,5,6,84]. Regional studies estimate that a third of all people in Asia rely on groundwater for drinking [85,86].…”

Section: Data Gaps and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 87%

Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: A Multi-Country Review of Current Reliance and Resource Concerns

Carrard

Foster

Willetts

2019

Water

206

101

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Groundwater is widely acknowledged to be an important source of drinking water in low-income regions, and it, therefore, plays a critical role in the realization of the human right to water. However, the proportion of households using groundwater compared with other sources is rarely quantified, with national and global datasets more focused on facilities—rather than resources—used. This is a significant gap in knowledge, particularly in light of efforts to expand water services in line with the inclusive and integrated agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals. Understanding the prevalence of groundwater reliance for drinking is critical for those involved in water services planning and management, so they can better monitor and advocate for management of water resources that supports sustainable services for households. This paper contributes data that can be used to strengthen the integration of resource considerations within water service delivery and inform the work of development partners supporting this area. We approach this issue from two perspectives. Firstly, we collate data on the proportion of households using groundwater as their primary drinking water source for 10 Southeast Asian and Pacific nations, finding an average of 66% (range of 17–93% for individual countries) of households in urban areas and 60% (range of 22–95%) of households in rural areas rely on groundwater for drinking. Together, these constitute 79% of the total population across the case study countries. Secondly, we review current and emerging groundwater resource concerns within each country, using a systems thinking approach to assess how groundwater resource issues influence household water services. Findings support the case for governments and development agencies to strengthen engagement with groundwater resource management as foundational for achieving sustainable water services for all.

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Section: Data Gaps and Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 87%

Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: A Multi-Country Review of Current Reliance and Resource Concerns

Carrard

Foster

Willetts

2019

Water

206

101

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“…When conducted on working agricultural lands, MAR risks mobilizing nutrients and increasing chemical constituent loading to streams and riparian soils [20,[69][70][71]. MAR can also facilitate groundwater contamination via crop-mediated aquifer contamination of fertilizers and pesticides [72]. Whereas aquifer recharge may introduce water quality concerns elsewhere, return flow from the ESPA is of high quality that is suitable for instream habitat uses [73].…”

Section: Physical and Administrative Mar Implications For Idaho And Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Managed Aquifer Recharge to Enhance Fish Habitat in a Regulated River

Kirk¹,

Contor²,

Morrisett

et al. 2020

Water

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Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is typically used to enhance the agricultural water supply but may also be promising to maintain summer streamflows and temperatures for cold-water fish. An existing aquifer model, water temperature data, and analysis of water administration were used to assess potential benefits of MAR to cold-water fisheries in Idaho’s Snake River. This highly-regulated river supports irrigated agriculture worth US $10 billion and recreational trout fisheries worth $100 million. The assessment focused on the Henry’s Fork Snake River, which receives groundwater from recharge incidental to irrigation and from MAR operations 8 km from the river, addressing (1) the quantity and timing of MAR-produced streamflow response, (2) the mechanism through which MAR increases streamflow, (3) whether groundwater inputs decrease the local stream temperature, and (4) the legal and administrative hurdles to using MAR for cold-water fisheries conservation in Idaho. The model estimated a long-term 4%–7% increase in summertime streamflow from annual MAR similar to that conducted in 2019. Water temperature observations confirmed that recharge increased streamflow via aquifer discharge rather than reduction in river losses to the aquifer. In addition, groundwater seeps created summer thermal refugia. Measured summer stream temperature at seeps was within the optimal temperature range for brown trout, averaging 14.4 °C, whereas ambient stream temperature exceeded 19 °C, the stress threshold for brown trout. Implementing MAR for fisheries conservation is challenged by administrative water rules and regulations. Well-developed and trusted water rights and water-transaction systems in Idaho and other western states enable MAR. However, in Idaho, conservation groups are unable to engage directly in water transactions, hampering MAR for fisheries protection.

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“…Groundwater is the primary natural water storage for the provision of one-third of the global water requirements (Siebert et al 2010;Famiglietti 2014). Globally, in terms of quantity and quality, groundwater resources face depletion risks impacting the viability of these resources over future decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of unconventional water resources interventions on the management of Gaza coastal aquifer in Palestine

2021

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The non-conventional water resources of seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, and stormwater harvesting are promising water resources to enhance the water supply and to cope with the groundwater depletion of the Gaza Coastal Aquifer (GCA). In total, the current daily operation of the short-term low-volume (STLV) seawater desalination plants produces 36,000 m3 and on the large-scale perspective, the seawater desalination capacity is planned to lift from 150,000 to 300,000 m3 per day by the years 2025 and 2035, respectively. The wastewater treatment and reuse activities are processed through three wastewater treatment plants with a total daily capacity of 130,000 m3 which is proposed to be lifted to a capacity of 235,000 m3 by the beginning of 2025. The stormwater collecting and harvesting supply the water sector by about 550–820 cubic meters per day. The proposed stochastic and artificial intelligence model that was developed in this study to simulate the interactive conditions between the groundwater and the water intervention plan show proper performance in terms of (r) = 0.95–0.99 and the root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.09–0.21. The model outputs reveal that the annual groundwater abstractions will reach 192 million cubic meters by 2040 with an annual increasing rate of +3%. By applying the model, the optimum utilizing of the unconventional water resources contributes positively to the recovery of the GCA which is experiencing a decline hot spot in the water level reaches to −19 m below mean sea level (MSL) and is expected to drop to −28 m MSL by 2040. The impact of unconventional water resources interventions was investigated by simulating the water table trend using stochastic models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) through three scenarios. The first scenario which addresses the non-intervention status indicates that the groundwater table will decline by −1.5% in the northern governorates and by −51% in the southern governorates of the Gaza Strip within 2020–2040. The second scenario demonstrates the impact of the existing water interventions which reveals an interim recovery in the groundwater balance until 2025 where the water consumption tends to increase rapidly. The third scenario illustrates the impact of applying the full water management intervention plan where the depression cone in the groundwater level will be restored by about +10 m.

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The International Scale of the Groundwater Issue

Cited by 54 publications

References 87 publications

Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: A Multi-Country Review of Current Reliance and Resource Concerns

Groundwater as a Source of Drinking Water in Southeast Asia and the Pacific: A Multi-Country Review of Current Reliance and Resource Concerns

Potential for Managed Aquifer Recharge to Enhance Fish Habitat in a Regulated River

Effect of unconventional water resources interventions on the management of Gaza coastal aquifer in Palestine

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