The International Protection of Internally Displaced Persons

Phuong, Catherine

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511494062

Cited by 91 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…What is relatively well documented is that law and order are difficult to sustain when victims of natural disasters have to seek refuge in makeshift refugee camps often far away from their home cities or villages (Phuong 2004). In overcrowded camps anarchy rules, leaving unaccompanied women and girls particularly vulnerable to sexual abuse and rape.…”

Section: Natural Disasters and The Gender Gap In Life Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002

Neumayer

Plümper

2007

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

860

486

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Natural disasters do not affect people equally. In fact, a vulnerability approach to disasters would suggest that inequalities in exposure and sensitivity to risk as well as inequalities in access to resources, capabilities, and opportunities systematically disadvantage certain groups of people, rendering them more vulnerable to the impact of natural disasters. In this article we address the specific vulnerability of girls and women with respect to mortality from natural disasters and their aftermath. Biological and physiological differences between the sexes are unlikely to explain large‐scale gender differences in mortality rates. Social norms and role behaviors provide some further explanation, but what is likely to matter most is the everyday socioeconomic status of women. In a sample of up to 141 countries over the period 1981 to 2002 we analyze the effect of disaster strength and its interaction with the socioeconomic status of women on the change in the gender gap in life expectancy. We find, first, that natural disasters lower the life expectancy of women more than that of men. In other words, natural disasters (and their subsequent impact) on average kill more women than men or kill women at an earlier age than men. Since female life expectancy is generally higher than that of males, for most countries natural disasters narrow the gender gap in life expectancy. Second, the stronger the disaster (as approximated by the number of people killed relative to population size), the stronger this effect on the gender gap in life expectancy. That is, major calamities lead to more severe impacts on female life expectancy (relative to that of males) than do smaller disasters. Third, the higher women's socioeconomic status, the weaker is this effect on the gender gap in life expectancy. Taken together our results show that it is the socially constructed gender‐specific vulnerability of females built into everyday socioeconomic patterns that lead to the relatively higher female disaster mortality rates compared to men.

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Section: Natural Disasters and The Gender Gap In Life Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002

Neumayer

Plümper

2007

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

860

486

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“…Zapater 2010; Ramcharan 1989;Goodwill-Gill 1996, p. 286;Fawcett and Tanner 1999;UNHCR 1991, para. 4;UNHCR 1996;Phuong 2005, p. 122-125. b. Mangala 2001, pp. 1067-1095UNHCR 2015h.…”

Section: Box 21 a Brief Overview Of The Forced Displacement Preventimentioning

confidence: 99%

Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts

2016

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This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The term "country," used interchangeably with "economy," does not imply political independence, but refers to any territory for which authorities report separate social or economic statistics. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.

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“…We know that UNHCR is the primary international body providing protection for persons forced to flee persecution. We recognise that UNHCR is perhaps the United Nations programme with the greatest capacity, resources and ability to acquire resources to assist such persons and has acted independently in the past to address humanitarian situations either at the request of States or independently (Loescher ; Phuong , 90–2). We also recognise that UNHCR has rejected the notion that persons subject to CCID are refugees under the 1951 UN Refugee Convention (UNHCR ).…”

Section: Unhcr and The Protection Of Persons Subject To Ccidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… See, generally, Loescher () arguing that UNHCR has often reacted to a humanitarian situation in ways even the UN Member States had not agreed to in advance. But see Phuong (), who argues that UNHCR is ill‐equipped to take on the protection of internally displaced people, something it has now done for several decades. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UNHCR and protection and assistance for the victims of climate change

Fornalé

Doebbler

2016

Geographical Journal

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This contribution argues that despite the fact that the United Nations Refugee Convention does not cover persons subject to climate change induced displacement, these people should be protected by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). This is the case because UNHCR's own Executive Committee has incorporated the broader African definition of a refugee that does include climate refugees into their protection mandate. We therefore conclude that UNHCR should exercise protection activities over climate refugees to be consistent with the mandate given to this United Nations programme by international law. To arrive at this conclusion we first briefly introduce the question about the protection of climate change induced displacement in the social science debate. We examine the legal definitions of refugees, agreeing with the most common interpretations of both United Nations and regional instruments. We then indicate how, by expressly extending its mandate, UNHCR itself has taken on the responsibility for the protection of people subject to climate change induced displacement. Finally, we report how, despite this mandate, UNHCR is still refusing to exercise its mandate properly, and that if it were to do so, a significant step could be taken in ensuring the protection of people subject to climate change induced displacement.

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The International Protection of Internally Displaced Persons

Cited by 91 publications

References 119 publications

The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002

The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002

Forcibly Displaced: Toward a Development Approach Supporting Refugees, the Internally Displaced, and Their Hosts

UNHCR and protection and assistance for the victims of climate change

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