The international legal framework for the management of the global oceans social-ecological system

Bigagli, Emanuele

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2016.03.005

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(2012) highlight the fact that ecologists do not agree on a common integrated concept of ecological complexity, which adds to the pressure from decision makers for environmental indicators that are ‘easy to understand’ and ‘cheap and simple to measure’. The framework gives for granted the possibility to have a full understanding of marine ecological resilience, but, in line with cited literature, both previous research ( Bigagli, 2015 , Bigagli, 2016 ) and the results of the present research seem to confirm this difficulty. The notion of GES of the MSFD lacks the inclusion of important components of social-ecological systems, like ecosystem services and human benefits ( Bigagli, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…As a result, MS are left to the capacity of the Regional Sea Conventions (RSCs) to act. It is true that the EcAp project of the UNEP/MAP is one of the most advanced examples of the application of a complex systems approach to marine assessment and management ( Bigagli, 2016 ). However, the present research confirms the findings of Van Leeuwen et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The case study investigation presented in this paper is based on the findings of previous research, where a framework for the assessment and management of marine complex adaptive systems was developed ( Bigagli, 2017 ), and used to evaluate the current international and European legal frameworks for the management of marine systems ( Bigagli, 2015 , Bigagli, 2016 ). The framework is based on two promising conceptual and methodological frameworks to manage change and achieve sustainability of complex environmental and human systems ( Foxon et al., 2009 ): Adaptive Management (AM) and Transition Management (TM).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Is it possible to implement a complex adaptive systems approach for marine systems? The experience of Italy and the Adriatic Sea

Bigagli

2017

Ocean & Coastal Management

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is it possible to implement a complex adaptive systems approach for marine systems? The experience of Italy and the Adriatic Sea

Bigagli

2017

Ocean & Coastal Management

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“…Likewise, multilateral regulation of access to genetic resources and benefit sharing have been slow and insufficient (BLASIAK & YAGI, 2016;BROGGIATO et al, 2018). One of the main reasons is that international environmental law is not very effective, including ocean protection (BIGAGLI, 2016). Furthermore, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), signed in the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (or Rio Summit), does not apply to the ABNJ nor the Antarctica, in spite of the fact that Article 5 states that countries shall cooperate "in areas beyond national jurisdiction and other matters of mutual interest.…”

Section: Challenge 2: Currently Inadequate Institutional Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctica and Abnj in the Anthropocene: Challenges to the Sustainable Management of Marine Genetic Resources?

Barros-Platiau

Gonçalves

2019

Ambient. soc.

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The Anthropocene epoch brings new technology-related challenges for the sustainable management of biodiversity, including the access to marine genetic resources. Although separated in two multilateral agendas, Antarctica and the area beyond national jurisdiction are comparable cases, since the regulation of bioprospecting activities has been under negotiation for decades, inside and outside the UN. From an interdisciplinary approach in international relations, legal and environmental science literature, three challenges are discussed: the socio-ecological complex system, the institutional responses and the UN 2030 Agenda (sustainable development goals). The main finding is that the UN 2030 Agenda needs to include companies (global players) in order to improve the effectiveness of the future regulations.

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“…Many fish stocks have been overexploited at an unprecedented rate (Levin et al 2016), particularly due to the effectiveness and intensification of modern vessels and technology to explore the oceans, and the difficulties of monitoring, control and surveillance (FAO 2016). Several rules have been implemented over the years, from local to global (Bigagli 2016), under the oceans' complex regime (Keohane and Nye 1977;Keohane and Victor 2011), to regulate resource use and protect biodiversity. However, the lack of enforcement mechanisms is worrisome, as only a fraction of treaties applying to oceans have specific enforcement mechanisms (Al-Abdulrazzak et al 2017).…”

Section: Possible Improvementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceans and Coastal Policy

Mangalagiu¹,

Baker²,

Fidelman³

et al. 2019

Global Environment Outlook – GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People

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Some problems may be best addressed by policy instruments that entail community and stakeholder engagement (well established). These include enabling local communities to develop and adopt measures tailored to their context and partnerships with the private sector (well established). {14.2.3}. Policy-sensitive indicators may be used to track progress in addressing key pressures and drivers (well established). These include area-based indicators, such as the coverage of marine protected areas and of vulnerable marine ecosystems. Protected areas under national jurisdiction or in the high seas have the potential to address several pressures relating to marine biodiversity, including overfishing and habitat destruction (well established but incomplete). {14.3.1}. Many indicators may not entirely capture the multiple dimensions of different pressures and drivers (well established). Area-based approaches alone do not gurantee effective area management; nor can they guard against the impact of climate change or pollution (well established). Efforts to develop methods for evaluating the effectiveness of protected areas are, therefore, critical (well established). {14.3.2}. A lack of standardization may make it difficult to track progress towards marine conservation (well established). This is the case of beach litter used as an indicator of litter in the marine environment. The lack of standardization and compatibility between methods used and results obtained in various bottom-up projects makes it difficult to reach an overall assessment of the status of marine litter over large geographical areas {14.3.2}. Responding to key drivers and pressures facing the oceans (e.g. climate change, pollution and overfishing; see Chapter 7 of this report) requires diverse policy instruments and governance approaches (well established). These instruments and approaches include command and control, stakeholder partnerships, economic incentives and approaches to enable actors. {14.2}. Policy coherence and integration are important in addressing cumulative impacts of local and regional threats to support the resilience of marine ecosystems (e.g. coral reefs) to climate change (inconclusive). However, without international policies to curb carbon emissions, the effectiveness of resilience-based management is likely to be very limited, given the limits to the capacity of marine species to adapt to warmer ocean waters (well established). {14.2.1}. Problems involving numerous activities, sectors and sources (e.g. marine litter) may require policies involving comprehensive and coordinated measures (well established but incomplete). When such problems involve multiple jurisdictions, governance approaches to engage neighbouring countries (e.g. the Regional Seas Programme) may be appropriate (well established but incomplete). {14.2.2}. 1 GBRMPA is a federal statutory authority established under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 with powers to prepare and publish plans and policies relating to the protection and management of the GBR (C...

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The international legal framework for the management of the global oceans social-ecological system

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Is it possible to implement a complex adaptive systems approach for marine systems? The experience of Italy and the Adriatic Sea

Is it possible to implement a complex adaptive systems approach for marine systems? The experience of Italy and the Adriatic Sea

Antarctica and Abnj in the Anthropocene: Challenges to the Sustainable Management of Marine Genetic Resources?

Oceans and Coastal Policy

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