The International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research

Rao, Malla R.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.07.009

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The present work was part of the US National Institutes of Health-sponsored Program Project [40, 41] entitled Malaria Evolution in South Asia International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (MESA-ICEMR). The activities of this centre were approved by the Government of India (GOI) Health Ministry Screening Committee (HMSC) and the Government of Goa Public Health Department.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and clinical profiles of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax patients at a tertiary care centre in southwestern India

Chéry

Maki

Mascarenhas

et al. 2016

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Though many comprehensive studies have been carried out in Africa and Southeast Asia to characterize and examine determinants of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria pathogenesis, fewer have been conducted in India.MethodsA prospective study of malaria-positive individuals was conducted at Goa Medical College and Hospital (GMC) from 2012 to 2015 to identify demographic, diagnostic and clinical indicators associated with P. falciparum and P. vivax infection on univariate analysis.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2015, 74,571 febrile individuals, 6287 (8.4%) of whom were malaria positive, presented to GMC. The total number of malaria cases at GMC increased more than two-fold over four years, with both P. vivax and P. falciparum cases present year-round. Some 1116 malaria-positive individuals (mean age = 27, 91% male), 88.2% of whom were born outside of Goa and 51% of whom were construction workers, were enroled in the study. Of 1088 confirmed malaria-positive patients, 77.0% had P. vivax, 21.0% had P. falciparum and 2.0% had mixed malaria. Patients over 40 years of age and with P. falciparum infection were significantly (p < 0.001) more likely to be hospitalised than younger and P. vivax patients, respectively. While approximately equal percentages of hospitalised P. falciparum (76.6%) and P. vivax (78.9%) cases presented with at least one WHO severity indicator, a greater percentage of P. falciparum inpatients presented with at least two (43.9%, p < 0.05) and at least three (29.9%, p < 0.01) severity features. There were six deaths among the 182 hospitalised malaria positive patients, all of whom had P. falciparum. ConclusionDuring the four year study period at GMC, the number of malaria cases increased substantially and the greatest burden of severe disease was contributed by P. falciparum.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic and clinical profiles of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax patients at a tertiary care centre in southwestern India

Chéry

Maki

Mascarenhas

et al. 2016

Malar J

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“…The program runs under the broader US NIH International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) initiative [9] and so is a part of a formal government-sanctioned collaboration between India and the US [8, 21]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Distinct genomic architecture of Plasmodium falciparum populations from South Asia

Kumar

Mudeppa

Sharma

et al. 2016

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology

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Previous whole genome comparisons of Plasmodium falciparum populations have not included collections from the Indian subcontinent, even though two million Indians contract malaria and about 50,000 die from the disease every year. Stratification of global parasites has revealed spatial relatedness of parasite genotypes on different continents. Here, genomic analysis was further improved to obtain country-level resolution by removing var genes and intergenic regions from distance calculations. P. falciparum genomes from India were found to be most closely related to each other. Their nearest neighbors were from Bangladesh and Myanmar, followed by Thailand. Samples from the rest of Southeast Asia, Africa and South America were increasingly more distant, demonstrating a high-resolution genomic-geographic continuum. Such genome stratification approaches will help monitor variations of malaria parasites within South Asia and future changes in parasite populations that may arise from in-country and cross-border migrations.

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“…Finally, we discuss how genetics and genomics of the malaria parasite provide powerful tools to understand and monitor changes in parasite epidemiology and transmission; and propose that the recently formed International Centers of Excellence in Malaria Research (ICEMR) (Rao, 2011) offer a unique opportunity to ask questions both within and between geographic settings that exhibit distinct epidemiological and transmission patterns for malaria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of genomics to field investigations of malaria by the international centers of excellence for malaria research

et al. 2012

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Success of the global research agenda toward eradication of malaria will depend on development of new tools, including drugs, vaccines, insecticides and diagnostics. Genomic information, now available for the malaria parasites, their mosquito vectors, and human host, can be leveraged to both develop these tools and monitor their effectiveness. Although knowledge of genomic sequences for the malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, have helped advance our understanding of malaria biology, simply knowing this sequence information has not yielded a plethora of new interventions to reduce the burden of malaria. Here we review and provide specific examples of how genomic information has increased our knowledge of parasite biology, focusing on P. falciparum malaria. We then discuss how population genetics can be applied toward the epidemiological and transmission-related goals outlined by the International Centers of Excellence in Malaria Research groups recently established by the National Institutes of Health. Finally, we propose genomics is a research area that can promote coordination and collaboration between various ICEMR groups, and that working together as a community can significantly advance the value of this information toward reduction of the global malaria burden.

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The International Centers of Excellence for Malaria Research

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Demographic and clinical profiles of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax patients at a tertiary care centre in southwestern India

Demographic and clinical profiles of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax patients at a tertiary care centre in southwestern India

Distinct genomic architecture of Plasmodium falciparum populations from South Asia

Application of genomics to field investigations of malaria by the international centers of excellence for malaria research

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