The internal representation of a three-term series problem

Potts, George R.; Scholz, Karl W.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(75)80023-5

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The complexity of the modelconstruction process, however, does not necessarily have to be reflected in the accuracy or evaluation time of the problems. Potts and Scholz (1975), for instance, established that conclusion evaluation times were unaffected by the markedness of the relation used in the premises. Once the premise information was represented, the way in which this information was formulated no longer affected reasoning performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is model construction open to strategic decisions? An exploration in the field of linear reasoning

Dierckx

Vandierendonck

Pandelaere

2003

Thinking & Reasoning

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This paper reports four experiments investigating whether model construction of linear reasoning problems is open to strategic decisions. A reversed choice/nochoice paradigm was used in which reasoners first had to apply two model construction strategies (acronym and rehearsal strategy) to two problem sets. Next, they could choose freely among the two strategies to apply to a new problem set. Experiment 1 showed that reasoners selected the strategy that they experienced as the most accurate one in the no-choice phase. Moreover, in Experiment 2, it was found that reasoners adapted their strategy choice to changing problem features, to use the most suitable strategy for premise encoding. Experiments 3 and 4 generalised these findings to more complex linear reasoning problems with a mixed sentence frame and a semi-continuous presentation of the premises, and to two-model problems. On the basis of these results, we argue that strategic decisions influence model construction in linear reasoning.For a long time, research in deductive reasoning has been driven by intense debates on the nature of the reasoning mechanism underlying all types of deductive reasoning. The heart of this controversy concerned the question of whether reasoning involves the syntactic application of natural deduction rules (mental rule theories; e.g., Rips, 1994) or is based upon the construction and manipulation of mental models representing the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is model construction open to strategic decisions? An exploration in the field of linear reasoning

Dierckx

Vandierendonck

Pandelaere

2003

Thinking & Reasoning

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The participants were tested individually in a quiet room, using a laptop computer that administered the experiment. The presentation of the premises was self-paced and followed the separate-stage paradigm introduced by Potts and Scholz (1975). Each premise and putative conclusion was presented on a separate screen, and the participants proceeded from one to the next by pressing the space bar.…”

Section: Does It Followmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual imagery can impede reasoning

2002

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“…But many results show that the relations are integrated into a linear spatial array, either a vertical one or a horizontal one (e.g., De Soto, London, & Handel, 1965;Huttenlocher, 1968;Potts & Scholz, 1975; for a review, see Evans, Newstead, & Byrne, 1993). An array can be used to derive novel conclusions or to check given conclusions even if the relation is temporal or abstract (Boroditsky, 2000;Goodwin & Johnson-Laird, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Preferred mental models in reasoning about spatial relations

2007

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The theory of mental models postulates that individuals infer that a spatial description is consistent only if they can construct a model in which all the assertions in the description are true. Individuals prefer a parsimonious representation, and so, when a description is consistent with more than one possible layout of entities on the left-right dimension, individuals in our culture prefer to construct models working from left to right. They also prefer to locate entities referred to in the same assertion as adjacent to one another in a model. And, if possible, they tend to chunk entities into a single unit in order to capture several possibilities in a single model. We report four experiments corroborating these predictions. The results shed light on the integration of relational assertions, and they show that participants exploit implicit constraints in building models of spatial relations.

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The internal representation of a three-term series problem

Cited by 59 publications

References 21 publications

Is model construction open to strategic decisions? An exploration in the field of linear reasoning

Is model construction open to strategic decisions? An exploration in the field of linear reasoning

Visual imagery can impede reasoning

Preferred mental models in reasoning about spatial relations

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