The Intermediary Metabolism of Birds

Hazelwood, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-249402-4.50017-6

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 143 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the presence of physiological concentrations of glucose and leucine (Klasing and Austic, 1984), glucose was utilized to a much greater extent (approximately eight-fold higher) than leucine for oxidative metabolism (Table 6). This is consistent with the assumption that protein depots contribute negligibly to the cardiac fuel supply, relative to carbohydrate (to a small extent) and fatty acids, pyruvate, and lactate (predominantly) (Hazelwood, 1973).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Age-Related Changes in Tissue Metabolic Rates and Sensitivity to Insulin in the Chicken

Vasilatos‐Younken

1986

Poultry Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vitro metabolic studies were conducted with tissues from broiler pullets at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age. In order to accurately assess plasma insulin at each of these ages, blood samples were withdrawn via indwelling venous catheters at 30-min intervals for 6 hr, and plasma was assayed by a homologous chicken insulin (cIns) radioimmunoassay. Birds (n = 6) were sacrificed 24 hr following blood sampling and livers, hearts, and abdominal fat pads removed for metabolic studies. Tissue slices of removed organs were incubated in Krebs-Ringer Bicarbonate buffer containing 13.9 mM glucose, .25 mM leucine, and .35 mM palmitate with either 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, or 100 ng/ml cIns. Carbon-14 labelled substrates were added to appropriate slice incubations and oxidation and incorporation into endproducts assessed. Plasma insulin decreased with age from 4 to 12 weeks (area under 6-hr concentration curve = 172.0 vs 56.9 ng X min X ml-1) to a degree approaching significance (P less than .10), in conjunction with decreased feed intake per unit of body weight. Palmitate oxidation and incorporation into cell lipid by adipose tissue, glucose oxidation and incorporation into lipid by liver and incorporation of leucine into trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable protein by cardiac muscle decreased substantially with age from 4 to 8 weeks (P less than .05). Oxidation of the branched-chain amino acid by cardiac muscle did not change significantly with age. Insulin enhanced the rate of leucine oxidation by cardiac muscle approximately 100% at 12 weeks but had no significant effect at earlier ages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Age-Related Changes in Tissue Metabolic Rates and Sensitivity to Insulin in the Chicken

Vasilatos‐Younken

1986

Poultry Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, hexokinase activity increases greatly after hatching and reaches peak levels which are three to four times greater than that of glucokinase during adulthood Hazelwood, 1972). However, hepatic carbohydrate can be utilized by the developing embryo as a result of steady increasing levels of phosphofructokinase, fructose-1 ,6-di phosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, pyruvate kinase, and enolase.…”

Section: Embryonic Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Anaerobic glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle appear to be the major routes of energy release from carbohydrate degradation in adult birds (Figure 11 -1). Activity of the pentose cycle varies from embryonic tissue to tissue but generally only peaks at high levels between day 8 and day 15; it has subsided markedly to barely detectable levels by hatching time (Pearce and Brown, 1971;Hazelwood, 1965Hazelwood, , 1972. The direct oxidative path of glucose degradation is sometimes referred to as the hexose monophosphate (or pentose phosphate) shunt, and has been established to be very active during the first week of incubation of the avian embryo.…”

Section: Aerobic and Anaerobic Degradation Of Carbohydratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The metabolism of fructose and galactose by avian tissues has been studied in depth because of certain differences from mammalian metabolism of these sugars; a more detailed discussion of these two sugars is found below and in Hazelwood (1965Hazelwood ( , 1972 and Pearce and Brown (1971). Carried to the liver via the portal vein, carbohydrates are subject to polymerization and storage, or anaerobic and oxidative glycolysis, or conversion to the lipoid moiety by pathways described above.…”

Section: Distribution Of Monosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Avian Physiology

1976

Springer Advanced Texts in Life Sciences

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Such a heavy endowment of Cu++ reflects the activity of the isthmus mucosa in forming the keratin-like components of the shell membranes. Disulphide linkages are characteristic of keratin, and the oxidative closure of sulphhydral groups is regulated by cuproenzymes, much as elastin synthesis may be mediated by amine oxidase" (Hazelwood 1972). …”

Section: Physiological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inferred Sex Differential in Copper Metabolism in Ross' Geese (<i>Anser rossii</i>): Biogeochemical and Physiological Considerations

Hanson¹,

Jones²

1974

ARCTIC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. The geology and the levels of various minerals in the nutrient chain of the ecosystems of the breeding grounds of most populations of wild geese are distinctive. Hence minerals that become incorporated in the keratin of the primary feathers grown on the breeding grounds can be used as biological tracers to determine origins of migrants. Hormones indirectly affect the levels of some minerals in the feather keratin. Estrogen is presumed to account for higher levels of copper found in the primary feathers of adult female, as compared with adult male, Ross' geese (Anser rossii).RÉSUMÉ. Sur une différence selon le sexe dans le métabolisme du cuivre chez l'oie de Ross (Anser rossii): considérations biogéochimiques et physiologiques. Dans la chaîne alimentaire des écosystèmes des terrains de reproduction de la plupart des peuplements d'oies sauvages, la géologie et les niveaux des divers minéraux sont distinctifs. Les minéraux incorporés dans la kératine des premières plumes qui poussent sur ces terrains peuvent donc servir de "traceurs" biologiques pour déterminer l'origine des migrants. Les hormones affectent indirectement les niveaux de certains minéraux dans la kératine des plumes. On suppose que l'estrogène explique les niveaux plus élevés de cuivre trouvés dans les premières plumes de la femelle adulte, en comparaison avec le mâle adulte, chez l'oie de Ross (Anser rossii).

show abstract

The Intermediary Metabolism of Birds

Cited by 28 publications

References 143 publications

Age-Related Changes in Tissue Metabolic Rates and Sensitivity to Insulin in the Chicken

Age-Related Changes in Tissue Metabolic Rates and Sensitivity to Insulin in the Chicken

Avian Physiology

An Inferred Sex Differential in Copper Metabolism in Ross' Geese (<i>Anser rossii</i>): Biogeochemical and Physiological Considerations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About