The Interannual Variations of the Summer Monsoon Onset overthe South China Sea

An, Xin; Chung, Yong-Seung; Liu, Xia; Yongfu, Qian

doi:10.1007/s007040050024

Cited by 80 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…ENSO events affect rainfall over the VCH through variation of the convective activity over the north-western Pacific (Yoo et al, 2004). Thus, what the heterogeneous correlation maps for April show is an increase in rainfall over the VCH associated with positive (negative) SST anomalies in the north-western (central equatorial) Pacific; this is in agreement with Xie et al (1998) and Zhang et al (2004), who stated that a warm (cold) SST in the central to equatorial eastern Pacific, representative of the El Niño (La Niña), suppresses (enhances) convection corresponding to a cold (warm) SST in the north-western Pacific and the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean. The convection then affects the SASM circulation, subsequently influencing rainfall over the VCH.…”

Section: Simultaneous Analysessupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The onset of SCS monsoon induces a deep convection from the SCS to the north-western Pacific including the Indochina Peninsula (Lau and Yang, 1997;Xie et al, 1998). A large area of deep tropical convection, extending from the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific Ocean, expands abruptly northward until July, retreats southward after July, and ends at the southern Indochina Peninsula in November (Qian and Lee, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean sea‐surface temperature and monthly precipitation over the central highlands, Vietnam

Nguyen

Uvo

Rosbjerg

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Abstract:The relationship between monthly sea-surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean and monthly precipitation over the Vietnamese central highlands (VCH) has been investigated by means of singular value decomposition. The seasonal variation of SST plays a critical role in the onset of the monsoon season and convective rain band movement in the inter-tropical convergence zone.The relationships between precipitation and SST in both oceans vary significantly through the rainy season. In April, ENSO is strongly correlated with precipitation over the VCH, while the Indian Ocean SST only shows a significant correlation with precipitation in the northern VCH. In May, there is no significant relationship between precipitation and SST in either of the oceans. In June, precipitation over the VCH is negatively correlated with the northern Indian Ocean and the southern Pacific SST. Through July to September, no significant relationships were found between the Indian Ocean SST and precipitation patterns. The equatorial central to the eastern Pacific SST, in turn, is positively correlated with precipitation in a small area from the north to the south of the VCH. In October, precipitation over the VCH is strongly related to ENSO and positively correlated with the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean SST. For November, the north-western Pacific as well as the equatorial eastern Indian Ocean SST is positively and strongly correlated with precipitation over the VCH.Lag-time analyses demonstrate a potential link between the Pacific SST and monthly precipitation patterns through the rainy season from one to three months in advance, and between the Indian Ocean SST and monthly precipitation patterns in October and November from one to two months in advance. The analysed results provide a strong basis for a predictive scheme, but further analysis of skill levels needs to be developed.

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Section: Simultaneous Analysessupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean sea‐surface temperature and monthly precipitation over the central highlands, Vietnam

Nguyen

Uvo

Rosbjerg

2007

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Tanaka (1992) Percent of high-level cloud. Xie et al (1997) OLR and westerlies ing dates of the summer monsoon are found. Matsumoto (1995Matsumoto ( , 1997 considered the end of summer-wet season in Korea as late September.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The fourth kind uses the combined data of the westerlies and outgoing long wave radiation (Xie et al 1997). It defined summer monsoon in Southern Asia to begin when the outgoing long wave radiation was less than 235 W/m2, and the westerlies started at the 850 hPa level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Three Rainy Seasons and the Hydrological Summer Monsoon in Korea using Available Water Resources Index.

Byun

Lee

2002

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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A new scheme that can define three rainy seasons, and the hydrological summer monsoon in Korea, has been proposed, examined, and verified to be effective. In the scheme, the Available Water Resources Index (AWRI) that is the accumulated precipitation value in which daily reduction of water, and the duration of accumulation are taken into account quantitatively.With this scheme, the onset and ending dates of three rainy seasons are defined by such singularities as the smallest, the biggest, the minimum, and the maximum of the AWRI in a year. The intensities of these rainy seasons are defined by the value of the maximum AWRI, flood index, and drought index.The first rainy season (Bom-Changma) starts in early April, when the minimum value of the AWRI in a year appears, and when the mean southerly wind at 925 hPa level become stronger then that at the 500 hPa level, and ends at May 15. The second rainy season (Changma) starts in late June and ends at 16-20 July. The third rainy season (Kaul-Changma) starts at mid August, and ends at 3-5 September that has the maximum value of the AWRI in a year, and that is the last date of mean southerly wind at the 925 hPa level.Finally, the hydrological summer monsoon is proposed to be defined as the period of increasing water resources that is from the minimum to the maximum of the AWRI, from the onset of Bom-Changma till the end of Kaul-Changma. From a turning point of meridional wind system to the end of mean southerly wind in the low level atmosphere, and that is concurrent with the summer monsoon.

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“…Some meteorological parameters such as precipitation, prevailing wind, OLR, and cloud-top temperature have been used to define the monsoon onset (Tao and Chen, 1987;Matsumoto, 1989;Xie et al, 1998;Lu and Chan, 1999). Wang et al (2004) suggested a wind index -the 850-hPa zonal winds averaged over the region 5°-15°N, 110°-120°E (the precise domain is 3.75°-16.25°N, 108.75°-121.25°E) -to quantify changes in the SCS circulation before, during, and after the onset.…”

Section: Monsoon Onset Datementioning

confidence: 99%

ENSO and the South China Sea summer monsoon onset

Zhou

Chan

2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

211

117

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Abstract:This paper investigates the relationship between the onset date of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The monsoon onset date (MOD) is defined on the basis of the switch of the 850-hPa zonal winds over the South China Sea (SCS) from easterly to westerly for two consecutive pentads. The ENSO signal is represented by the ocean heat content (OHC), which is proportional to the depth of the 20°C isotherm.It is found that, in years associated with a warm (cold) ENSO event or the year after, the monsoon tends to have a late (an early) onset and the intensity of the SCSSM also tends to be weaker (stronger). During a 2-year period prior to the onset, anomalies of OHC have an obvious eastward propagation. The 850-hPa flow east of the Philippines, specifically the strength of the subtropical high, is also found to be critical in determining the MOD. The link between these two results appears to be the propagation of cold (warm) subsurface water into the western North Pacific (WNP), which strengthens (weakens) the subtropical high, and hence a late (an early) SCSSM onset.

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The Interannual Variations of the Summer Monsoon Onset overthe South China Sea

Cited by 80 publications

References 4 publications

Relationship between the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean sea‐surface temperature and monthly precipitation over the central highlands, Vietnam

Relationship between the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean sea‐surface temperature and monthly precipitation over the central highlands, Vietnam

Defining Three Rainy Seasons and the Hydrological Summer Monsoon in Korea using Available Water Resources Index.

ENSO and the South China Sea summer monsoon onset

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