The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer

Dituri, Francesco; Cossu, Carla; Mancarella, Serena; Giannelli, Gianluigi

doi:10.3390/cells8101130

Cited by 97 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…TGF-β, transforming growth factor β, is a pleiotropic cytokine that signals via membrane receptors and intracellular SMAD proteins, which then enter the nucleus after receptor activation and act as transcription factors. e TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway plays a critical role in such malignant progressions of cancer cells as survival, EMT, migration, and invasion [13,14]. Upon activation of transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), the receptor-regulated SMAD proteins, SMAD2, and SMAD3 are recruited and phosphorylated for activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Huaier Polysaccharide SP1 on Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion by Regulating TGF-β/SMAD Signaling Pathway

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Objective. To study the effects of Huaier polysaccharide SP1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 and the underlying mechanism. Methods. MGC-803 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with SP1. The effects of SP1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of MGC-803 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analysis, and Transwell assay, respectively. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of related genes. Results. Our study showed that Huaier polysaccharide SP1 could inhibit proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote the apoptosis of MGC-803 cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Huaier polysaccharide SP1 could inhibit the activation of TGF-β/SMAD signal pathway by upregulating SMAD7 expression, thereby downregulating the expression of SOX4, ZEB2, MMP9, Snail, and Slug. Conclusion. Huaier polysaccharide SP1 can regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells by promoting the expression of SMAD7 and inhibiting the activation of TGF-β/SMAD signal pathway as well as the expression of the downstream oncogenes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Huaier Polysaccharide SP1 on Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion by Regulating TGF-β/SMAD Signaling Pathway

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2020

Advances in Polymer Technology

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“…With positive feed-back loop, the activated HSCs, but also Kupffer cells, macrophages and platelets are responsible for the secretion of TGF-β that in turn activates more HSCs. As a result, the production and the release of ECM molecules, tissue MMPs, such as MMP2, 9, and 13, and MMPs inhibitors, such as TIMP1, are increased [67][68][69]. Tumor cells can induce remodeling by stromal cells through altered signaling pathways.…”

Section: Inflammation and Tissue Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Mechanisms of HCC Development

Refolo

Messa

Guerra

et al. 2020

Cancers

127

105

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HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with several etiologic causes, mostly inflammation-associated. Different inflammatory responses in the liver can be triggered by different etiological agents. The inflammatory process can be resolved or be persistent, depending on the etiology and multiple other factors. Chronic inflammation, tissue remodeling, genetic alterations, and modifications in cellular signaling are considered to be key processes promoting immunosuppression. The progressive immunosuppression leads to the inactivation of anti-tumor immunity involved in HCC carcinogenesis and progression. Tumor cellular processes including DNA damage, necrosis, and ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress can affect both immune-surveillance and cancer-promoting inflammation, supporting a mutual interdependence. Here, we review the current understanding of how chronic liver injury and inflammation is triggered and sustained, and how inflammation is linked to HCC. The identification of many hepatic microenvironmental inflammatory processes and their effector molecules, has resulted in extensive translational work and promising clinical trials of new immunomodulatory agents.

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“…The hyperplasia of AEC2 and loss of type I alveolar epithelial cells (AEC1) also implicate that the transdifferentiation of AEC2 into AEC1 is halted. The AEC2-to-AEC1 differentiation is at least partially regulated by TGF-β and BMP pathways (Zhao et al, 2013;Dituri et al, 2019). These two signaling proteins function in contrary ways and inhibit each other.…”

Section: Aec2 Dysfunction In Ipfmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Perspectives on the Aberrant Alveolar Repair of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Wang

Tang

2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease of unknown etiology and high mortality. Current therapeutic strategies have limited efficacy and the prognosis remains poor. Based on the histological observations of IPF lung tissues and experimental studies using lung fibrosis animal models, it is gradually accepted that impaired epithelial regeneration after lung injury is a critical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The central role of AEC2 in this process has been well-elucidated, while the contribution of other lung progenitor/stem cells is less discussed. Recently, increasing studies have identified several non-AEC2 epithelial progenitor/stem cells with great plasticity to transform into mature AECs and reconstitute alveolar epithelium after lung injury. However, why these cells do not function as alternate stem cells to regenerate alveolar epithelium in IPF is still unknown. In this review, we discuss the contribution of lung epithelial progenitor/stem cells in the aberrant alveolar regeneration, and provide a novel perspective on the mechanism of IPF pathogenesis, in which non-AEC2 progenitors may play an essential role.

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The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer

Cited by 97 publications

References 156 publications

Effects of Huaier Polysaccharide SP1 on Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion by Regulating TGF-β/SMAD Signaling Pathway

Effects of Huaier Polysaccharide SP1 on Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion by Regulating TGF-β/SMAD Signaling Pathway

Inflammatory Mechanisms of HCC Development

New Perspectives on the Aberrant Alveolar Repair of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

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