The interactive relations between trait hostility, pain, and aggressive thoughts

Anderson, Kathryn B.; Anderson, Craig A.; Dill, Karen E.; Deuser, William E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2337(1998)24:3<161::aid-ab1>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 77 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our theoretical approach is the GAAM, which has emerged from our work on a variety of aggression-related domains (Anderson, Anderson, & Deuser, 1996;Anderson, Deuser, & DeNeve, 1995;Anderson, Anderson, Dill, & Deuser, 1998;Dill, Anderson, Anderson, & Deuser, 1997;Lindsay & Anderson, in press). The model integrates existing theory and data concerning the learning, development, instigation, and expression of human aggression.…”

Section: Gaam: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life.

Anderson¹,

Dill²

2000

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Two studies examined violent video game effects on aggression-related variables. Study 1 found that real-life violent video game play was positively related to aggressive behavior and delinquency. The relation was stronger for individuals who are characteristically aggressive and for men. Academic achievement was negatively related to overall amount of time spent playing video games. In Study 2, laboratory exposure to a graphically violent video game increased aggressive thoughts and behavior. In both studies, men had a more hostile view of the world than did women. The results from both studies are consistent with the General Affective Aggression Model, which predicts that exposure to violent video games will increase aggressive behavior in both the short term (e.g., laboratory aggression) and the long term (e.g., delinquency).On April 20, 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold launched an assault on Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, murdering 13 and wounding 23 before turning the guns on themselves. Although it is impossible to know exactly what caused these teens to attack their own classmates and teachers, a number of factors probably were involved. One possible contributing factor is violent video games. Harris and Klebold enjoyed playing the bloody, shoot-'em-up video game Doom, a game licensed by the U.S. military to train soldiers to effectively kill. The Simon Wiesenthal Center, which tracks Internet hate groups, found in its archives a copy of Harris' web site with a version of Doom that he had customized. In his version there are two shooters, each with extra weapons and unlimited ammunition, and the other people in the game can't fight back. For a class project, Harris and Klebold made a videotape that was similar to their customized version of Doom. In the video, Harris and Klebold dress in trench coats, carry guns, and kill school athletes. They acted out their videotaped performance in real life less than a year later. An investigator associated with the Wiesenthal Center said Harris and Klebold were "playing out their game in God mode" (Pooley, 1999, p. 32).Entertainment media affects our lives. What behaviors children and adults consider appropriate comes, in part, from the lessons we learn from television and the movies (e.g., Huesmann & Miller,

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Section: Gaam: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life.

Anderson¹,

Dill²

2000

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Self Cite

1,209

1,056

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“…Even with these possibilities, however, laboratory experiments in which physical discomfort or pain was deliberately established have shown that the decidedly unpleasant physical sensations in themselves can be angering and lead to affective aggression (e.g., C. A. Anderson, Deuser, & DeNeve, 1995;K. B. Anderson, Anderson, Dill, & Deuser, 1998; see also Berkowitz, 1993aBerkowitz, , 1993bBerkowitz, , 2003, perhaps particularly in people especially disposed to negative emotionality (Verona, Patrick, & Lang, 2002).…”

Section: Must There Be An External Cause Of the Negative Event?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward an Understanding of the Determinants of Anger.

Berkowitz¹,

Harmon‐Jones²

2004

Emotion

487

417

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Research bearing on several popular conceptions of the major determinants of anger arousal indicates that the particular appraisals often identified as causes of anger frequently only serve to affect the intensity of the anger that is generated. Research into effects of physical pain or other physically unpleasant conditions or involving social stresses suggests that decidedly aversive conditions are a major spur to anger. Experiments are also reviewed showing that anger-related muscular movements can also lead to anger-related feelings, memories, cognitions, and autonomic responses. Alternative explanations for the findings are discussed. The authors urge emotion theorists to widen their methodology and analyses so that they give careful, detailed attention to the many different factors that can influence anger.A great many people are angry at one time or another. After surveying studies dating back to World War I, Averill (1982) concluded that "Depending upon how records are kept, most people report becoming mildly to moderately angry anywhere from several times a day to several times a week" (p. 1146). Perhaps because this emotion is so common, 1 specific definitions of this term often vary in detail (see Averill, 1982;Kassinove, 1995, for reviews of the many different usages of this word), and there are many different, and even opposing, cultural beliefs prescribing how and when this affective state should be managed.Although there certainly is no shortage of research articles dealing with anger, investigators inquiring into the development and functioning of emotions would do well to devote more of their effort and ingenuity to the study of this particular affective state. It obviously is a socially very important emotion, one that has attracted a great deal of attention in the mass media as well as in the various health fields, but it also presents emotion theorists with a number of intriguing conceptual questions. As just one example, there is the often-assumed relationship between hedonic valence and approach-avoidance inclinations. According to Watson, Wiese, Vaidya, and Tellegen (1999), positive affect is typically associated with approach tendencies, whereas negative arousal is usually linked to an urge to avoid the instigating stimulus. Anger seems to be relatively unique in this regard and is often associated with approach rather than with avoidance inclinations (see Harmon-Jones & Allen, 1998;Harmon-Jones & Sigelman, 2001). Then too, research into the conditions under which anger is aroused can also touch on the metatheoretical controversy as to whether emotions can be evoked independently of cognitions. Although we do not want to revive the now well-worn argument as to just what is involved in the concept cognition, if one adopts the relatively restricted definition favored by Izard (1993) and Zajonc Leonard Berkowitz and Eddie Harmon-Jones, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.We thank the individuals who provided valuable comments on previous versions of this article: Jack B...

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“…Aggressiveness is a complex phenomenon and can be a correlate of other underlying disorders such as depression and pain (13,14). As previous studies have reported significant psychiatric symptoms in patients with CH (4,(15)(16)(17), higher levels of aggression -if present -could be explained by this concomitant spectrum of disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressiveness in different presentations of cluster headache: Results from a controlled multicentric study

Luerding

Henkel

Gaul³

et al. 2012

Cephalalgia

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Background: The hypothalamus has been discussed as a pivotal structure for both cluster headache (CH) and aggressiveness, but little is known about the extent of self-reported aggressiveness in patients with CH. Patients and methods: Twenty-six patients with chronic, 25 with active episodic and 22 with episodic CH outside the active period were examined interictally with a validated questionnaire quantifying factors of aggression and compared with 24 migraine patients and 31 headache-free volunteers. Results: The ANOVA was significant for the subscale 'self-aggression/depression' (F 4, 123 ¼ 5.771, p < 0.001) with significant differences between chronic and episodic CH and healthy volunteers. No significant changes were found for other subscales and the sum scale (F 4, 123 < 1.421, p > 0.230). Especially in the clinically most affected group of patients (chronic CH and active episodic CH), high levels of ''self-aggression/depression'' correlate with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and higher impairment measured on an emotional and functional level. Discussion: Self-aggressive and depressive cognitions with highest scores in chronic CH seem to be reactive as they correlate with depressive symptoms and impairment. They should be considered as an important therapeutic target since they impair the patient's life significantly.

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The interactive relations between trait hostility, pain, and aggressive thoughts

Cited by 77 publications

References 35 publications

Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life.

Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life.

Toward an Understanding of the Determinants of Anger.

Aggressiveness in different presentations of cluster headache: Results from a controlled multicentric study

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